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Test 1 · Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and…

Grandad says: «back in my day we didn't need a UN, kiddo, countries just sorted it out.» What is true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Grandad, we, countries · What happens: say, not need, sort out, be · To what, where: UN · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandad says: «back in my day we didn't need a UN, kiddo, countries just sorted it out.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 need	punct
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 back	punct
5	back	back	ADV	_	12 need	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 day	case
7	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 day	nmod:poss
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 need	obl
9	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 need	nsubj
10	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 need	aux
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 need	advmod
12	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 says	ccomp
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 UN	det
14	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 need	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 kiddo	punct
16	kiddo	kiddo	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 UN	appos
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 sorted	punct
18	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 sorted	nsubj
19	just	just	ADV	_	20 sorted	advmod
20	sorted	sort	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	conj
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 sorted	obj
22	out	out	ADP	_	20 sorted	compound:prt
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct
24	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Grandad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not need in a quote	past · do-support	we	a UN			day		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot un=Theme
3	sort out in a quote	past	countries	UN					vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Countries never fought each other before the UN

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fought	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 fought	advmod
3	fought	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	3 fought	obj
5	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 each	fixed
6	before	before	ADP	_	8 UN	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 UN	det
8	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 fought	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not fight	past	Countries	each			before the UN		vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Co-Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The UN was set up in 1945 after a terrible world war so countries could talk

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 UN	det
2	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 set	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 set	aux:pass
4	set	set	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 set	compound:prt
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 1945	case
7	1945	1945	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 set	obl
8	after	after	ADP	_	12 war	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 war	det
10	terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 war	amod
11	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 war	compound
12	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 set	obl
13	so	so	SCONJ	_	16 talk	mark
14	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 talk	nsubj
15	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 talk	aux
16	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 set	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	set up	past · passive		the UN		1945	after a terrible world war		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in 1945=Destination
2	talk	could	countries						vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The UN is an army that wins wars for its members

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 UN	det
2	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 army	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 army	cop
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 army	det
5	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 wins	nsubj
7	wins	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 army	acl:relcl
8	wars	war	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 wins	obj
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 members	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 members	nmod:poss
11	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 wins	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the UN	a army					tree rules
2	win	present	a army	wars				for UN's members	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent war=Theme for member=Beneficiary

Option 4

The UN has existed since Roman times, long before Grandad was born

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 UN	det
2	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 existed	nsubj
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 existed	aux
4	existed	exist	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	since	since	ADP	_	7 times	case
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 times	amod
7	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 existed	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 long	punct
9	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 existed	advmod
10	before	before	SCONJ	_	13 born	mark
11	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 born	nsubj:pass
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 born	aux:pass
13	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 existed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present · perfect	the UN				time	long property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	bear	past · passive		Grandad					vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato/t1/