Test 2 · Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and…

A boy in Liverpool says: «NATO's sound, if anyone hits Finland, everyone hits back, end of.» Is he right?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: boy, anyone, everyone · What happens: say, hit, hit back, be · To what, where: Finland · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy in Liverpool says: «NATO's sound, if anyone hits Finland, everyone hits back, end of.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 says	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Liverpool	case
4	Liverpool	Liverpool	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 boy	nmod
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 sound	punct
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 sound	punct
8	NATO	NATO	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 sound	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 NATO	case
10	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 says	ccomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 hits	punct
12	if	if	SCONJ	_	14 hits	mark
13	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	14 hits	nsubj
14	hits	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 sound	parataxis
15	Finland	Finland	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 hits	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 hits	punct
17	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	18 hits	nsubj
18	hits	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 hits	conj
19	back	back	ADV	_	18 hits	advmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 end	punct
21	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sound	nmod
22	of	of	ADP	_	21 end	case
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 says	punct
24	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a boy in Liverpool		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	hit a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	present	anyone	Finland	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme finland=Co-Theme
3	hit back in a quote	present	everyone		vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Is he right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	boy					right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

No, NATO only protects Russia and nobody else

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 NATO	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	NATO	NATO	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 protects	nsubj
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 protects	advmod
5	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	Russia	Russia	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 protects	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 protects	cc
8	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 protects	obl
9	else	else	ADV	_	8 nobody	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present	NATO		Russia			nobody obl	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent russia=Beneficiary

Option 2

No, NATO is a football league and Finland is not in it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 league	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	NATO	NATO	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 league	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 league	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 league	det
6	football	football	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 league	compound
7	league	league	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Finland	cc
9	Finland	Finland	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 league	conj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 it	cop
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 it	advmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 it	case
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 league	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	NATO	a football league and Finland					tree rules
2	not is	present	a football league and Finland not said here			it			tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Roughly: members promise to treat an attack on one as an attack on all

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Roughly	roughly	ADV	_	4 promise	advmod
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 promise	punct
3	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 promise	nsubj
4	promise	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 treat	mark
6	treat	treat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 promise	xcomp
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 attack	det
8	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 treat	obj
9	on	on	ADP	_	10 one	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 treat	obl
11	as	as	ADP	_	13 attack	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 attack	det
13	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 treat	obl
14	on	on	ADP	_	15 all	case
15	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	13 attack	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	promise speech: promise	present	members					roughly property	vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	treat not said to happen	to-infinitive	members not said here	a attack				on one; as a attack on all	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent attack=Theme as attack=Attribute

Option 4

Yes, and NATO can attack any country it likes, whenever it likes, without a reason

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 attack	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 attack	punct
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 attack	cc
4	NATO	NATO	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 attack	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 attack	aux
6	attack	attack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 country	det
8	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 attack	obj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 likes	nsubj
10	likes	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 country	acl:relcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 likes	punct
12	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	14 likes	advmod
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 likes	nsubj
14	likes	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 attack	advcl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 reason	punct
16	without	without	ADP	_	18 reason	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 reason	det
18	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 likes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	attack	can	NATO	any country		vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Patient
2	like	present	country	any country not said here		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot country=Theme
3	like	present	country	a reason	whenever property	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot reason=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato/t2/