Test 3 · Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and…

A girl says: «the veto is so mid, one country says no and it's giving "Mum says no".» What is the fair summary?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: girl, veto, one country, country, Mum, fair summary · What happens: say, be, give · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A girl says: «the veto is so mid, one country says no and it's giving "Mum says no".»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 girl	det
2	girl	girl	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 mid	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 mid	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 veto	det
7	veto	veto	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mid	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 mid	cop
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 mid	advmod
10	mid	mid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 says	punct
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 country	nummod
13	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 says	nsubj
14	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 mid	parataxis
15	no	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	14 says	discourse
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 giving	cc
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 giving	nsubj
18	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 giving	aux
19	giving	give	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 says	conj
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 says	punct
21	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 says	nsubj
22	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 giving	parataxis
23	no	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	22 says	discourse
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 says	punct
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 mid	punct
26	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 mid	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a girl		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	the veto	mid property	tree rules
3	say speech: assert in a quote	present	one country		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	give in a quote	present · progressive	country		tree rules
5	say speech: assert	present	Mum		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the fair summary?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 summary	det
4	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 summary	amod
5	summary	summary	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the fair summary						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Every country at the UN has a veto, big or small

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 country	det
2	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
3	at	at	ADP	_	5 UN	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 UN	det
5	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 country	nmod
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 veto	det
8	veto	veto	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 big	punct
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 veto	amod
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 small	cc
12	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 big	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	every country at the UN	a veto					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent veto=Patient

Option 2

The veto was abolished last year by a vote

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 veto	det
2	veto	veto	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 abolished	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 abolished	aux:pass
4	abolished	abolish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 year	amod
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 abolished	obl:unmarked
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 vote	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 vote	det
9	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 abolished	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abolish	past · passive	a vote	the veto			year		vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3

Everyone agrees the veto is fair, so there is nothing to argue about

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	2 agrees	nsubj
2	agrees	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 veto	det
4	veto	veto	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fair	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 fair	cop
6	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 agrees	ccomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 is	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 is	advmod
9	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	10 is	expl
10	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 agrees	parataxis
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	10 is	nsubj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 argue	mark
13	argue	argue	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 nothing	acl
14	about	about	ADP	_	13 argue	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	Everyone			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the veto		fair property	tree rules
3	be	present	nothing	there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	argue speech: disagree	to-infinitive	nothing not said here			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Some say the veto is unfair; others say it keeps big powers in the UN

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 say	nsubj
2	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 veto	det
4	veto	veto	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 unfair	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 unfair	cop
6	unfair	unfair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 say	ccomp
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 say	punct
8	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 say	nsubj
9	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 say	parataxis
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 keeps	nsubj
11	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 say	ccomp
12	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 powers	amod
13	powers	power	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 keeps	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 UN	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 UN	det
16	UN	UN	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 keeps	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Some				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the veto			unfair property	tree rules
3	say speech: assert	present	others				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	keep	present	veto	big powers	the UN		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent power=Theme in un=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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