Test 5 · Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and…

A wee cousin in Glasgow says: «aye, the war's finished, the radio said ceasefire.» How do you correct it?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: wee cousin, radio, you · What happens: say, finish, correct · To what, where: ceasefire · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A wee cousin in Glasgow says: «aye, the war's finished, the radio said ceasefire.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cousin	det
2	wee	wee	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cousin	amod
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 says	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 Glasgow	case
5	Glasgow	Glasgow	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 cousin	nmod
6	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 finished	punct
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 finished	punct
9	aye	aye	INTJ	_	14 finished	discourse
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 finished	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 war	det
12	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 finished	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 war	case
14	finished	finish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 says	ccomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 said	punct
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 radio	det
17	radio	radio	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 said	nsubj
18	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 finished	conj
19	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 said	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 says	punct
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a wee cousin in Glasgow		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	finish in a quote	participle			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	say speech: assert in a quote	past	the radio	ceasefire	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ceasefire=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How do you correct it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 correct	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 correct	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 correct	nsubj
4	correct	correct	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 correct	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 correct	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	correct speech: disagree	present · do-support	you	ceasefire					vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

The options

Option 1

A ceasefire means more fighting than there was before

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ceasefire	det
2	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 fighting	amod
5	fighting	fighting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 means	obj
6	than	than	SCONJ	_	8 was	mark
7	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	8 was	expl
8	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 means	advcl
9	before	before	ADV	_	8 was	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	a ceasefire	more fighting					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fighting=Topic
2	be	past	a ceasefire not said here			there		before property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Right, a ceasefire always ends a war forever, with nothing more to agree

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Right	right	INTJ	_	6 ends	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Right	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 ceasefire	det
4	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ends	nsubj
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 ends	advmod
6	ends	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 war	det
8	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ends	obj
9	forever	forever	ADV	_	6 ends	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 nothing	punct
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 nothing	case
12	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 ends	parataxis
13	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 nothing	amod
14	to	to	PART	_	15 agree	mark
15	agree	agree	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 nothing	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	end	present	a ceasefire	a war				always, forever property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality war=Eventuality
2	agree speech: agree	to-infinitive	a ceasefire not said here						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A ceasefire is a pause; a war ends with a lasting deal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ceasefire	det
2	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pause	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pause	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 pause	det
5	pause	pause	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 ends	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 war	det
8	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ends	nsubj
9	ends	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pause	acl:relcl
10	with	with	ADP	_	13 deal	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 deal	det
12	lasting	lasting	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 deal	amod
13	deal	deal	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ends	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a ceasefire	a pause					tree rules
2	end	present	a war	a pause not said here				with a lasting deal	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector pause=Eventuality with deal=Subeventuality

Option 4

Ceasefire is the name of a brand-new weapon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 name	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 name	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 name	det
4	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	10 weapon	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 weapon	det
7	brand	brand	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 new	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 brand	punct
9	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 weapon	amod
10	weapon	weapon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 name	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Ceasefire	the name				of a new weapon	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato/t5/