Exam question 4 · Taiwan, China and the word «tensions»

Select the response consistent with the established policy of the United States in respect of Taiwan.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: select, establish, respect · To what, where: response, Taiwan

This is exam question 4 of lesson 29 «Taiwan, China and the word «tensions»» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 policy	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 policy	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 policy	amod
8	policy	policy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consistent	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 States	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 States	det
11	United	United	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 States	amod
12	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 policy	nmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 respect	case
14	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 policy	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 Taiwan	case
16	Taiwan	Taiwan	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 respect	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	respect			Taiwan	nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It has declared that it shall never sell any equipment to Taiwan, and has withdrawn all assistance of every kind since the year 1949

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 declared	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 declared	aux
3	declared	declare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 sell	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 sell	nsubj
6	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 sell	aux
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 sell	advmod
8	sell	sell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 declared	advcl
9	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 equipment	det
10	equipment	equipment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sell	obj
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 Taiwan	case
12	Taiwan	Taiwan	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 sell	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 withdrawn	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 withdrawn	cc
15	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 withdrawn	aux
16	withdrawn	withdraw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 declared	conj
17	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	18 assistance	det
18	assistance	assistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 withdrawn	obj
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 kind	case
20	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	21 kind	det
21	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 assistance	nmod
22	since	since	ADP	_	24 year	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 year	det
24	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 withdrawn	obl
25	1949	1949	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 year	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	roles by
1	declare speech: other	present · perfect	It				vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	not sell	shall	it	any equipment	Taiwan		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent equipment=Theme to taiwan=Recipient
3	withdraw	present · perfect		all assistance of every kind		year	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assistance=Theme
4	assist			every kind			nom assistance «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It has undertaken in writing to transfer Taiwan to China

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 undertaken	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 undertaken	aux
3	undertaken	undertake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 writing	case
5	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertaken	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 transfer	mark
7	transfer	transfer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 undertaken	xcomp
8	Taiwan	Taiwan	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 transfer	obj
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 China	case
10	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 transfer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present · perfect · passive		It		writing			tree rules
2	transfer	to-infinitive		Taiwan	China				vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent taiwan=Theme to china=Recipient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It formally recognises Taiwan as its fifty-first state

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 recognises	nsubj
2	formally	formally	ADV	_	3 recognises	advmod
3	recognises	recognise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Taiwan	Taiwan	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 recognises	obj
5	as	as	ADP	_	10 state	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 state	nmod:poss
7	fifty	fifty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 first	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 fifty	punct
9	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	10 state	amod
10	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 recognises	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recognise	present	It	Taiwan				as its first state; formally property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer taiwan=Stimulus as state=Attribute

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It does not formally recognise Taiwan as a state, yet by law assists its defence and declines to state whether it would fight

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 recognise	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 recognise	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 recognise	advmod
4	formally	formally	ADV	_	5 recognise	advmod
5	recognise	recognise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	Taiwan	Taiwan	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 recognise	obj
7	as	as	ADP	_	9 state	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 state	det
9	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 recognise	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 assists	punct
11	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	14 assists	cc
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 law	case
13	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 assists	obl
14	assists	assist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 recognise	conj
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 defence	nmod:poss
16	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 assists	obj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 declines	cc
18	declines	decline	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 defence	conj
19	to	to	PART	_	20 state	mark
20	state	state	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 assists	advcl
21	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	24 fight	mark
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 fight	nsubj
23	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 fight	aux
24	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 state	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not recognise	present · do-support	It	Taiwan	as a state; formally property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer taiwan=Stimulus as state=Attribute
2	assist	present		law's defence and declines	by law	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Beneficiary
3	state speech: other	to-infinitive				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	fight	would	law			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	defend		law			nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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