Exam question 2 · Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes

State the principal obligation imposed by the Refugee Convention of 1951.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: impose · To what, where: State principal obligation

This is exam question 2 of lesson 30 «Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obligation	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 obligation	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 obligation	amod
4	obligation	obligation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	imposed	impose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 obligation	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 Convention	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Convention	det
8	Refugee	Refugee	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Convention	compound
9	Convention	Convention	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 imposed	obl:agent
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 1951	case
11	1951	1951	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 Convention	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 obligation	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	impose	participle		the State principal obligation not said here					vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

States shall convey refugees by air only, at their own expense, to a third state

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 convey	nsubj
2	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 convey	aux
3	convey	convey	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	refugees	refugee	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 convey	obj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 air	case
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 convey	obl
7	only	only	ADV	_	6 air	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 expense	punct
9	at	at	ADP	_	12 expense	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 expense	nmod:poss
11	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 expense	amod
12	expense	expense	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 convey	parataxis
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 state	punct
14	to	to	ADP	_	17 state	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 state	det
16	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	17 state	amod
17	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 convey	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	convey	shall	States	refugees	a third state			by air	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent refugee=Topic to state=Recipient

Option 2

States shall accept no refugees whatsoever, irrespective of the danger faced

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 accept	nsubj
2	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 accept	aux
3	accept	accept	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 refugees	det
5	refugees	refugee	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 accept	obj
6	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	3 accept	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 irrespective	punct
8	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	_	12 faced	advmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 danger	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 danger	det
11	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 irrespective	obl
12	faced	face	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 accept	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accept	shall	States	no refugees				whatsoever property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refugee=Theme
2	face	past	States not said here					irrespective property	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

States shall not return refugees to territories in which they face danger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 return	nsubj
2	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 return	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 return	advmod
4	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	refugees	refugee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 return	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 territories	case
7	territories	territory	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 return	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 face	obl
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 face	nsubj
11	face	face	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 territories	acl:relcl
12	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 face	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not return	shall	States	refugees		territories			vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent refugee=Theme to territory=Destination
2	face	present	States = state	danger				in territories	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent danger=Destination in which=Theme

Option 4

States shall return all refugees to their country of origin within seven days

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 return	nsubj
2	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 return	aux
3	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 refugees	det
5	refugees	refugee	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 return	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 country	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 country	nmod:poss
8	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 return	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 origin	case
10	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 country	nmod
11	within	within	ADP	_	13 days	case
12	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 days	nummod
13	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 return	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	return	shall	States	all refugees		States's country of origin	day		vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent refugee=Theme to country=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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