Exam question 3 · Propaganda and fake news

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the distinction between misinformation and disinformation.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, distinction

This is exam question 3 of lesson 31 «Propaganda and fake news» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 distinction	det
11	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	between	between	ADP	_	13 misinformation	case
13	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 distinction	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 disinformation	cc
15	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 misinformation	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the distinction	between misinformation and disinformation	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus distinction=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The two terms are wholly synonymous and interchangeable

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 terms	det
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 terms	nummod
3	terms	term	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 synonymous	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 synonymous	cop
5	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	6 synonymous	advmod
6	synonymous	synonymous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 interchangeable	cc
8	interchangeable	interchangeable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 synonymous	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the two terms					synonymous, wholly property	tree rules
2	be		the two terms not said here						tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The former is shared in error, whereas the latter is disseminated deliberately

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 shared	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shared	aux:pass
4	shared	share	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 error	case
6	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shared	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 disseminated	punct
8	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	12 disseminated	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 latter	det
10	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 disseminated	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 disseminated	aux:pass
12	disseminated	disseminate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 shared	conj
13	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	12 disseminated	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	present · passive		the former		error			tree rules
2	disseminate	present · passive		the latter				deliberately property	vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme

Option 3

The former is broadcast, whereas the latter is printed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 broadcast	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 broadcast	aux:pass
4	broadcast	broadcast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 printed	punct
6	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	10 printed	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 latter	det
8	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 printed	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 printed	aux:pass
10	printed	print	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 broadcast	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	broadcast speech: other	present · passive		the former					vn instr_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	print	present · passive		the latter					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

The former is invariably true, whereas the latter is invariably false and malicious

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 true	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 true	cop
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 true	advmod
5	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 false	punct
7	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	12 false	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 latter	det
9	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 false	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 false	cop
11	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	12 false	advmod
12	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 true	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 malicious	cc
14	malicious	malicious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 false	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	the former	invariably, true property	tree rules
2	is	present	the latter	false, invariably property	tree rules
3	be		the latter not said here		tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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