Exam question 4 · Propaganda and fake news
Whereas a circulated item bears a copied logo and a great number of approvals but no author and no date, determine the conclusion most appropriate.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: copied logo · What happens: circulate, copy, determine · To what, where: conclusion
This is exam question 4 of lesson 31 «Propaganda and fake news» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Whereas | whereas | SCONJ | _ | 5 bears | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 bears | det |
| 3 | circulated | circulate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 bears | amod |
| 4 | item | item | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bears | compound |
| 5 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 determine | obl |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 logo | det |
| 7 | copied | copy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 logo | amod |
| 8 | logo | logo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 determine | nsubj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 number | cc |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 number | det |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 number | amod |
| 12 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 logo | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 approvals | case |
| 14 | approvals | approval | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 number | nmod |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 author | cc |
| 16 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 17 author | det |
| 17 | author | author | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 logo | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 date | cc |
| 19 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 20 date | det |
| 20 | date | date | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 logo | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 determine | punct |
| 22 | determine | determine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 conclusion | det |
| 24 | conclusion | conclusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 determine | obj |
| 25 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 26 appropriate | advmod |
| 26 | appropriate | appropriate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 conclusion | amod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 determine | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | circulate | participle | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | copy | participle | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | determine | infinitive | a copied logo and a great number of approvals but no author and no date | the conclusion | whereas a circulated item bears | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conclusion=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Its authenticity is established by the number of approvals received, provided it exceeds one thousand
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 authenticity | nmod:poss |
| 2 | authenticity | authenticity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 established | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 established | aux:pass |
| 4 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 number | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 number | det |
| 7 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 established | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 approvals | case |
| 9 | approvals | approval | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 received | nsubj |
| 10 | received | receive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 number | acl:relcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 provided | punct |
| 12 | provided | provide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 established | conj |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 exceeds | nsubj |
| 14 | exceeds | exceed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 provided | ccomp |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 thousand | compound |
| 16 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 exceeds | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | establish | present · passive | the number | Its authenticity | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | receive | past | approvals | the number not said here | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme | ||||
| 3 | provide | past | the number not said here | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | exceed | present | authenticity | one thousand | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thousand=Theme |
Option 2
Its authenticity is established by the absence of any correction
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 authenticity | nmod:poss |
| 2 | authenticity | authenticity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 established | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 established | aux:pass |
| 4 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 absence | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 absence | det |
| 7 | absence | absence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 established | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 correction | case |
| 9 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 correction | det |
| 10 | correction | correction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 absence | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | establish | present · passive | the absence of any correction | Its authenticity | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | absent | any correction | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Its authenticity cannot be presumed and ought to be verified with the stated source
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 authenticity | nmod:poss |
| 2 | authenticity | authenticity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 presumed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 presumed | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 presumed | advmod |
| 5 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 presumed | aux:pass |
| 6 | presumed | presume | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 verified | cc |
| 8 | ought | ought | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 verified | aux |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 verified | mark |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 verified | aux:pass |
| 11 | verified | verify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 presumed | conj |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 source | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 source | det |
| 14 | stated | state | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 source | amod |
| 15 | source | source | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 verified | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not presume | can · passive | Its authenticity | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | verify | ought · passive | with the stated source | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V» | |||||
| 3 | state speech: other | participle | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
Its authenticity is established by the presence of the logo
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 authenticity | nmod:poss |
| 2 | authenticity | authenticity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 established | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 established | aux:pass |
| 4 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 presence | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 presence | det |
| 7 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 established | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 logo | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 logo | det |
| 10 | logo | logo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 presence | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | establish | present · passive | the presence of the logo | Its authenticity | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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