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Test 6 · ★ · Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections

A boy says, "Investigators said for sure that the fake accounts changed every vote in 2016." What is the better version?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, Investigators, fake accounts, better version · What happens: say, change, be · To what, where: vote, 2016 · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 32 «Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy says, "Investigators said for sure that the fake accounts changed every vote in 2016."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct
6	Investigators	investigator	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 said	nsubj
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 sure	case
9	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 said	obl
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 changed	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 accounts	det
12	fake	fake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 accounts	amod
13	accounts	account	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 changed	nsubj
14	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 said	advcl
15	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	16 vote	det
16	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 changed	obj
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 2016	case
18	2016	2016	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 changed	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a boy						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert in a quote	past	Investigators					for sure	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	change in a quote	past	the fake accounts	every vote		2016			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vote=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the better version?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 version	det
4	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 version	amod
5	version	version	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the better version						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He is right, every vote was changed by them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 changed	punct
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 vote	det
6	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 changed	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 changed	aux:pass
8	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 right	parataxis
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 them	case
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 changed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	change	past · passive	them = they	every vote					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 2

The accounts were run by the voters themselves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 accounts	det
2	accounts	account	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 run	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 run	aux:pass
4	run	run	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 voters	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 voters	det
7	voters	voter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 run	obl:agent
8	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	4 run	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past · passive	the voters	the accounts				accounts = account obl	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Trajectory

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It was reported that fake accounts ran; how much they changed is disputed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 reported	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 reported	aux:pass
3	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 ran	mark
5	fake	fake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 accounts	amod
6	accounts	account	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 ran	nsubj
7	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 reported	ccomp
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 changed	punct
9	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	10 much	advmod
10	much	much	ADV	_	12 changed	advmod
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 changed	nsubj
12	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 reported	conj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 disputed	aux:pass
14	disputed	dispute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 changed	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	past · passive		It					vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute
2	run	past	fake accounts						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	change	past	accounts = account						tree rules
4	dispute	present · passive	accounts = account not said here						vn battle-36.4 «NP V»

Option 4

Investigators said no fake accounts existed at all, and that the stories about them were made up

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Investigators	investigator	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 said	nsubj
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 accounts	det
4	fake	fake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 accounts	amod
5	accounts	account	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 existed	nsubj
6	existed	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 said	ccomp
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 existed	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 made	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 made	cc
11	that	that	SCONJ	_	17 made	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 stories	det
13	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 made	nsubj:pass
14	about	about	ADP	_	15 them	case
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 stories	nmod
16	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 made	aux:pass
17	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 said	ccomp
18	up	up	ADP	_	17 made	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Investigators						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	exist	past	no fake accounts			all			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Location
3	make up	past · passive		the stories about accounts					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/t6/