Exam question 4 · Olympiad: fair votes, close counts and who decides ★★★

Identify the circumstance in which a candidate may win the greater number of groups while obtaining fewer votes in aggregate.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, candidate · What happens: identify, win, obtain · To what, where: circumstance, greater number, fewer votes, aggregate

This is exam question 4 of lesson 41 «Olympiad: fair votes, close counts and who decides ★★★» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 circumstance	det
3	circumstance	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 win	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 candidate	det
7	candidate	candidate	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 win	nsubj
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 win	aux
9	win	win	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 circumstance	parataxis
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 number	det
11	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 number	amod
12	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 win	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 groups	case
14	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 number	nmod
15	while	while	SCONJ	_	16 obtaining	mark
16	obtaining	obtain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 win	advcl
17	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	18 votes	amod
18	votes	vote	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 obtaining	obj
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 aggregate	case
20	aggregate	aggregate	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 obtaining	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the circumstance		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent circumstance=Theme
2	win	may	a candidate	the greater number of groups	the circumstance	vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Eventuality
3	obtain	gerund	a candidate not said here	fewer votes	aggregate	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset vote=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

When every vote is counted together across the whole country

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	SCONJ	_	5 counted	mark
2	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	3 vote	det
3	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 counted	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 counted	aux:pass
5	counted	count	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	together	together	ADV	_	5 counted	advmod
7	across	across	ADP	_	10 country	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 country	det
9	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 country	amod
10	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 counted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	present · passive		every vote		the whole country		together property	vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

When each group gives its whole result to the candidate who wins within it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	SCONJ	_	4 gives	mark
2	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 group	det
3	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gives	nsubj
4	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 result	nmod:poss
6	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 result	amod
7	result	result	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gives	obj
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 candidate	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 candidate	det
10	candidate	candidate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gives	obl
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 wins	nsubj
12	wins	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 candidate	acl:relcl
13	within	within	ADP	_	14 it	case
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 wins	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	give	present	each group	group's whole result	the candidate		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent result=Theme to candidate=Recipient
2	win	present	the candidate			within group	vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	result		group				nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

When the vote is held by a show of hands in one room

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	SCONJ	_	5 held	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 vote	det
3	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 held	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 held	aux:pass
5	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 show	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 show	det
8	show	show	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 held	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 hands	case
10	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 show	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 room	case
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 room	nummod
13	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 held	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present · passive	a show of hands	the vote		one room			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in room=Location
2	show			hands					nom show «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

When the voters number the candidates in order of preference

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 number	det
3	voters	voter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 number	compound
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 When	nsubj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 candidates	det
6	candidates	candidate	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 number	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 order	case
8	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 candidates	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 preference	case
10	preference	preference	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 order	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	order			preference					nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/41-olympiad-fair-votes-close-counts-and-who-decides/e4/