Test 1 · ★★★ · Olympiad: check the claim and spot the trick ★★★ "BARE people at the rally, like a MILLION, I swear," says Leo. The square holds about 5,000. ("bare" means lots of.) What really happened?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leo, square, bare · What happens: swear, say, hold, mean, happen · To what, where: 5,000, lots · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 42 «Olympiad: check the claim and spot the trick ★★★» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: "BARE people at the rally, like a MILLION, I swear," says Leo.
punct amod nsubj case det nmod punct case det ccomp punct nsubj advcl punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT BARE ADJ people NOUN at ADP the DET rally NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET MILLION NUM , PUNCT I PRON swear VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT says VERB Leo PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 people punct 2 BARE bare ADJ Degree=Pos 3 people amod 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 MILLION nsubj 4 at at ADP _ 6 rally case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rally det 6 rally rally NOUN Number=Sing 3 people nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 MILLION punct 8 like like ADP _ 10 MILLION case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 MILLION det 10 MILLION million NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 16 says ccomp 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 swear punct 12 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 swear nsubj 13 swear swear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 MILLION advcl 14 , , PUNCT _ 13 swear punct 15 " " PUNCT _ 16 says punct 16 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 17 Leo Leo PROPN Number=Sing 16 says nsubj 18 . . PUNCT _ 16 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear in a quote present Leo vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert present Leo vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: The square holds about 5,000.
det nsubj advmod obj punct root The DET square NOUN holds VERB about ADV 5,000 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 square det 2 square square NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 about about ADV _ 5 5,000 advmod 5 5,000 5000 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present the square 5,000 vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5000=Theme
Sentence 3: ("bare" means lots of.)
punct punct nsubj punct obj nmod punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT bare ADJ " PUNCT means VERB lots NOUN of ADP . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 bare punct 3 bare bare ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 bare punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 5 means obj 7 of of ADP _ 6 lots nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present bare lots vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic
Sentence 4: What really happened?
nsubj advmod punct root What PRON really ADV happened VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 happened nsubj 2 really really ADV _ 3 happened advmod 3 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The options Option 1 Five million came, as the square was stretched
compound nsubj punct mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass conj root Five NUM million NUM came VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ the DET square NOUN was AUX stretched VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 million compound 2 million million NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 9 stretched punct 5 as as SCONJ _ 9 stretched mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 square det 7 square square NOUN Number=Sing 9 stretched nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 stretched aux:pass 9 stretched stretch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 came conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Five million vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 stretch past · passive the square vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer Lots came, but no more than about 5,000
nsubj punct cc advmod parataxis case advmod obl root Lots NOUN came VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ no ADV more ADJ than ADP about ADV 5,000 NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 more punct 4 but but CCONJ _ 6 more cc 5 no no ADV _ 6 more advmod 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 came parataxis 7 than than ADP _ 9 5,000 case 8 about about ADV _ 9 5,000 advmod 9 5,000 5000 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 more obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Lots vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice Exactly one million came, as he counted them
advmod compound nsubj punct mark nsubj conj obj root Exactly ADV one NUM million NUM came VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ he PRON counted VERB them PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Exactly exactly ADV _ 3 million advmod 2 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 million compound 3 million million NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 counted punct 6 as as SCONJ _ 8 counted mark 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 counted nsubj 8 counted count VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 came conj 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 counted obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past one million vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 count past he them = they vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
Option 4 Nobody came, since he was exaggerating
nsubj punct mark nsubj aux conj root Nobody PRON came VERB , PUNCT since SCONJ he PRON was AUX exaggerating VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 7 exaggerating punct 4 since since SCONJ _ 7 exaggerating mark 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 exaggerating nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 exaggerating aux 7 exaggerating exaggerate VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 came conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Nobody vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 exaggerate past · progressive he tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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