Test 11 · Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools A Scottish uncle says, "Wee library's shut on Saturdays, budget cuts, it's pure dreich." ("Dreich" means grey and gloomy.) What does "budget cuts" mean?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Scottish uncle, it, Dreich, budget cuts · What happens: say, shut, be, mean · To what, where: Wee library, pure dreich, grey · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 11 of lesson 8 «Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A Scottish uncle says, "Wee library's shut on Saturdays, budget cuts, it's pure dreich."
det amod nsubj punct punct amod obj case acl case obl:agent punct compound conj punct nsubj cop amod ccomp punct punct root A DET Scottish ADJ uncle NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Wee ADJ library NOUN 's PART shut VERB on ADP Saturdays PROPN , PUNCT budget NOUN cuts NOUN , PUNCT it PRON 's AUX pure ADJ dreich NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 uncle det 2 Scottish Scottish ADJ Degree=Pos 3 uncle amod 3 uncle uncle NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 library punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 library punct 7 Wee wee ADJ Degree=Pos 8 library amod 8 library library NOUN Number=Sing 4 says obj 9 's 's PART _ 8 library case 10 shut shut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 library acl 11 on on ADP _ 12 Saturdays case 12 Saturdays Saturday PROPN Number=Plur 10 shut obl:agent 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 cuts punct 14 budget budget NOUN Number=Sing 15 cuts compound 15 cuts cut NOUN Number=Plur 8 library conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 dreich punct 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 dreich nsubj 18 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 dreich cop 19 pure pure ADJ Degree=Pos 20 dreich amod 20 dreich dreich NOUN Number=Sing 4 says ccomp 21 . . PUNCT _ 20 dreich punct 22 " " PUNCT _ 20 dreich punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a Scottish uncle Wee library and budget cuts vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent library=Topic 2 shut in a quote participle Wee library and budget cuts not said here saturday vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 is a in a quote present it pure dreich tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Dreich" means grey and gloomy.)
punct punct nsubj punct obj cc conj punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Dreich PROPN " PUNCT means VERB grey ADJ and CCONJ gloomy ADJ . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Dreich punct 3 Dreich Dreich PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Dreich punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 gloomy cc 8 gloomy gloomy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 grey conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Dreich grey vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grey=Topic
Sentence 3: What does "budget cuts" mean?
obj aux punct compound nsubj punct punct root What PRON does AUX " PUNCT budget NOUN cuts NOUN " PUNCT mean VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 7 mean obj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 mean aux 3 " " PUNCT _ 5 cuts punct 4 budget budget NOUN Number=Sing 5 cuts compound 5 cuts cut NOUN Number=Plur 7 mean nsubj 6 " " PUNCT _ 5 cuts punct 7 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present · do-support budget cuts vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic
The options Option 1 The library has run out of books to lend
det nsubj:pass aux case case obl mark advcl root The DET library NOUN has AUX run VERB out ADP of ADP books NOUN to PART lend VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 library det 2 library library NOUN Number=Sing 4 run nsubj:pass 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 run aux 4 run run VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 out out ADP _ 7 books case 6 of of ADP _ 7 books case 7 books book NOUN Number=Plur 4 run obl 8 to to PART _ 9 lend mark 9 lend lend VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 run advcl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present · perfect · passive the library books vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme out book=Trajectory 2 lend to-infinitive vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
Option 2 The budget was cut into pieces with scissors
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl case obl root The DET budget NOUN was AUX cut VERB into ADP pieces NOUN with ADP scissors NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 budget det 2 budget budget NOUN Number=Sing 4 cut nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 cut aux:pass 4 cut cut VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 into into ADP _ 6 pieces case 6 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 4 cut obl 7 with with ADP _ 8 scissors case 8 scissors scissors NOUN Number=Plur 4 cut obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut past · passive the budget into pieces result ; with scissors vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument»: subject=Patient into piece=Result with scissors=Instrument
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer The council is spending less money than before
det nsubj aux amod obj case obl root The DET council NOUN is AUX spending VERB less ADJ money NOUN than ADP before ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 council det 2 council council NOUN Number=Sing 4 spending nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 spending aux 4 spending spend VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 money amod 6 money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 spending obj 7 than than ADP _ 8 before case 8 before before ADV _ 4 spending obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend present · progressive the council less money vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset
Option 4 The library was closed because of the weather
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case fixed det obl root The DET library NOUN was AUX closed VERB because ADP of ADP the DET weather NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 library det 2 library library NOUN Number=Sing 4 closed nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 closed aux:pass 4 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 8 weather case 6 of of ADP _ 5 because fixed 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 weather det 8 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 4 closed obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close past · passive the library because the weather vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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