Test 5 · Cringe that lasts: getting over embarrassing moments Sam's mate: "Bro, you asked. Nobody else even tried. That took guts." ("Took guts" means took courage.) Why is the mate right?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, Nobody, That, Took guts · What happens: ask, try, take, mean, be · To what, where: guts, courage · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 5 of lesson 11 «Cringe that lasts: getting over embarrassing moments» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Sam's mate: "Bro, you asked.
nmod:poss case nsubj punct punct conj punct nsubj punct root Sam PROPN 's PART mate NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Bro NOUN , PUNCT you PRON asked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 3 mate nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Sam case 3 mate mate NOUN Number=Sing 9 asked nsubj 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 Bro punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 6 Bro punct 6 Bro bro NOUN Number=Sing 3 mate conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 mate punct 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 asked nsubj 9 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask in a quote past Sam's mate and Bro vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Nobody else even tried.
nsubj advmod advmod punct root Nobody PRON else ADV even ADV tried VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 4 tried nsubj 2 else else ADV _ 1 Nobody advmod 3 even even ADV _ 4 tried advmod 4 tried try VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try participle Nobody vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Sentence 3: That took guts."
nsubj obj punct punct root That PRON took VERB guts NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 guts gut NOUN Number=Plur 2 took obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past That guts vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gut=Theme
Sentence 4: ("Took guts" means took courage.)
punct punct amod nsubj punct ccomp obj punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Took VERB guts NOUN " PUNCT means VERB took VERB courage NOUN . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 4 guts punct 3 Took take VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 guts amod 4 guts gut NOUN Number=Plur 6 means nsubj 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 guts punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 took take VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 means ccomp 8 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 7 took obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take in a quote participle vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 mean present Took guts vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 take past courage vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme
Sentence 5: Why is the mate right?
cop det nsubj advmod punct root Why ADV is AUX the DET mate NOUN right ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Rel root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Why cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 mate det 4 mate mate NOUN Number=Sing 1 Why nsubj 5 right right ADV _ 1 Why advmod 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Why punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the mate right, why property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Nobody should ever ask anyone to dance
nsubj aux advmod obj mark xcomp root Nobody PRON should AUX ever ADV ask VERB anyone PRON to PART dance VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 4 ask nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 ask aux 3 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 4 ask advmod 4 ask ask VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 ask obj 6 to to PART _ 7 dance mark 7 dance dance VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 ask xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask should Nobody anyone ever vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent anyone=Recipient clause=Topic 2 dance not said to happen to-infinitive anyone not said here vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 2 It only took guts because the girl was mean and everyone knew it
nsubj advmod obj mark det nsubj cop advcl cc nsubj conj obj root It PRON only ADV took VERB guts NOUN because SCONJ the DET girl NOUN was AUX mean ADJ and CCONJ everyone PRON knew VERB it PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 took nsubj 2 only only ADV _ 3 took advmod 3 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 guts gut NOUN Number=Plur 3 took obj 5 because because SCONJ _ 9 mean mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 girl det 7 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 9 mean nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 mean cop 9 mean mean ADJ Degree=Pos 3 took advcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 knew cc 11 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 12 knew nsubj 12 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 took conj 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 knew obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past It guts vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gut=Theme 2 is past the girl mean property tree rules 3 know past everyone it vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer Asking takes courage, and being turned down is normal
nsubj nsubj punct cc aux:pass acl:relcl compound:prt cop ccomp root Asking VERB takes VERB courage NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ being AUX turned VERB down ADP is AUX normal ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Asking ask VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 takes nsubj 2 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 10 normal nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 turned punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 turned cc 6 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 turned aux:pass 7 turned turn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 courage acl:relcl 8 down down ADP _ 7 turned compound:prt 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 normal cop 10 normal normal ADJ Degree=Pos 2 takes ccomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask gerund vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 take present vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 turn down gerund · passive courage not said here vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING» 4 is present courage normal property tree rules
Option 4 Being turned down proves Sam is brave and handsome
aux:pass csubj compound:prt nsubj cop ccomp cc conj root Being AUX turned VERB down ADP proves VERB Sam PROPN is AUX brave ADJ and CCONJ handsome ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 turned aux:pass 2 turned turn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 proves csubj 3 down down ADP _ 2 turned compound:prt 4 proves prove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 7 brave nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 brave cop 7 brave brave ADJ Degree=Pos 4 proves ccomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 handsome cc 9 handsome handsome ADJ Degree=Pos 7 brave conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn down gerund · passive vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING» 2 prove present vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 3 is present Sam brave property tree rules 4 be Sam not said here tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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