Test 7 · When home feels shaky: rows, hospitals, new babies and big… Lucas's American cousin says, "It's a total bummer not knowin', dude." ("Bummer" means a disappointing thing.) What helps most when things are uncertain?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: American cousin, cousin, Bummer, things · What happens: say, be, mean, help · To what, where: total bummer, disappointing thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 7 of lesson 14 «When home feels shaky: rows, hospitals, new babies and big changes» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Lucas's American cousin says, "It's a total bummer not knowin', dude."
nmod:poss case amod nsubj punct punct nsubj cop det amod ccomp advmod compound dep nmod punct punct root Lucas PROPN 's PART American ADJ cousin NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT It PRON 's AUX a DET total ADJ bummer NOUN not PART knowin NOUN ', PART dude NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lucas Lucas PROPN Number=Sing 4 cousin nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Lucas case 3 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 4 cousin amod 4 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 12 bummer punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 12 bummer punct 8 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 bummer nsubj 9 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 bummer cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 bummer det 11 total total ADJ Degree=Pos 12 bummer amod 12 bummer bummer NOUN Number=Sing 5 says ccomp 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 dude advmod 14 knowin knowin NOUN Number=Sing 16 dude compound 15 ', ', PART _ 14 knowin dep 16 dude dude NOUN Number=Sing 12 bummer nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 says punct 18 " " PUNCT _ 5 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Lucas's American cousin vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a in a quote present cousin a total bummer knowin dude nmod tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Bummer" means a disappointing thing.)
punct punct nsubj punct det amod obj punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Bummer NOUN " PUNCT means VERB a DET disappointing ADJ thing NOUN . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Bummer punct 3 Bummer bummer NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Bummer punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 thing det 7 disappointing disappointing ADJ Degree=Pos 8 thing amod 8 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Bummer a disappointing thing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic
Sentence 3: What helps most when things are uncertain?
nsubj advmod mark nsubj cop advcl punct root What PRON helps VERB most ADV when SCONJ things NOUN are AUX uncertain ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 most most ADV Degree=Sup 2 helps advmod 4 when when SCONJ _ 7 uncertain mark 5 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 uncertain nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 uncertain cop 7 uncertain uncertain ADJ Degree=Pos 2 helps advcl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 is present things uncertain property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ✓ the right answer Talking it over as a family and knowing the plan
obj compound:prt case det obl cc conj det obj root Talking VERB it PRON over ADP as ADP a DET family NOUN and CCONJ knowing VERB the DET plan NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Talking talk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Talking obj 3 over over ADP _ 1 Talking compound:prt 4 as as ADP _ 6 family case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 family det 6 family family NOUN Number=Sing 1 Talking obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 knowing cc 8 knowing know VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Talking conj 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 plan det 10 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 8 knowing obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk over gerund it as a family vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent it=Patient 2 know gerund the plan vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer plan=Stimulus
Option 2 Pretending to everyone that nothing is changing at all
case obl mark nsubj aux advcl case obl root Pretending VERB to ADP everyone PRON that SCONJ nothing PRON is AUX changing VERB at ADP all DET The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pretending pretend VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 to to ADP _ 3 everyone case 3 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 1 Pretending obl 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 changing mark 5 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 7 changing nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 changing aux 7 changing change VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Pretending advcl 8 at at ADP _ 9 all case 9 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 changing obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pretend gerund to everyone tree rules 2 change present · progressive nothing all vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice Imagining every bad thing that could possibly happen
det amod obj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl root Imagining VERB every DET bad ADJ thing NOUN that PRON could AUX possibly ADV happen VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Imagining imagine VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 every every DET PronType=Tot 4 thing det 3 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 4 thing amod 4 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 1 Imagining obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 happen nsubj 6 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 happen aux 7 possibly possibly ADV _ 8 happen advmod 8 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 thing acl:relcl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 imagine gerund every bad thing vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme 2 happen could every bad thing possibly property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 4 Refusing to eat anything until his parents decide
csubj mark xcomp obj case nmod:poss obl root Refusing VERB to PART eat VERB anything PRON until ADP his PRON parents NOUN decide VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Refusing refuse VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 decide csubj 2 to to PART _ 3 eat mark 3 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Refusing xcomp 4 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 eat obj 5 until until ADP _ 7 parents case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 parents nmod:poss 7 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 3 eat obl 8 decide decide VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 refuse gerund vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not eat to-infinitive anything until his parents vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Patient 3 decide present Refusing vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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