Exam question 1 · Things I'm ashamed of: crowds, cruelty and coming clean

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises conduct within a group, as distinct from conduct of an individual alone?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, conduct · To what, where: conduct, individual

This is exam question 1 of lesson 16 «Things I'm ashamed of: crowds, cruelty and coming clean» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Which	nmod
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
10	within	within	ADP	_	12 group	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 group	det
12	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 distinct	punct
14	as	as	ADP	_	15 distinct	case
15	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 characterises	conj
16	from	from	ADP	_	17 conduct	case
17	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 distinct	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 individual	case
19	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 individual	det
20	individual	individual	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 conduct	nmod
21	alone	alone	ADV	_	20 individual	advmod
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	conduct	within a group; accurately property	tree rules
3	conduct		a individual		nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Persons in a group are incapable of experiencing subsequent shame

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 incapable	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 group	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 group	det
4	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Persons	nmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 incapable	cop
6	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	of	of	SCONJ	_	8 experiencing	mark
8	experiencing	experience	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 incapable	advcl
9	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 shame	amod
10	shame	shame	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 experiencing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Persons in a group					incapable property	tree rules
2	experience	gerund	Persons in a group not said here	subsequent shame					vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shame=Stimulus

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Members of a group may act worse than each would individually

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 act	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 group	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 group	det
4	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Members	nmod
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 act	aux
6	act	act	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	worse	badly	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 act	advmod
8	than	than	SCONJ	_	10 would	mark
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 would	det
10	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 act	advcl
11	individually	individually	ADV	_	10 would	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	act	may	Members of a group					badly property	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The conduct of a group is never attributable to any of its members

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 conduct	det
2	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 attributable	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 group	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 group	det
5	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conduct	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 attributable	cop
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 attributable	advmod
8	attributable	attributable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 any	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 attributable	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 members	case
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 members	nmod:poss
13	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 any	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	the conduct of a group					to any; attributable property	tree rules
2	conduct			a group					nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Groups invariably behave more kindly than their individual members

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 behave	nsubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 behave	advmod
3	behave	behave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 kindly	advmod
5	kindly	kindly	ADV	_	3 behave	advmod
6	than	than	ADP	_	9 members	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 members	nmod:poss
8	individual	individual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 members	amod
9	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 behave	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	behave	present	Groups					than Groups's individual members; invariably, kindly property	vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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