Exam question 1 · The fight I lost and the bullying I can't escape

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises bullying, as distinct from a single altercation?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, bully

This is exam question 1 of lesson 18 «The fight I lost and the bullying I can't escape» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	bullying	bully	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 characterises	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 distinct	punct
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 distinct	case
12	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 bullying	conj
13	from	from	ADP	_	16 altercation	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 altercation	det
15	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 altercation	amod
16	altercation	altercation	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 distinct	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	bully	gerund		vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A single disagreement between two parties of equal standing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 disagreement	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 disagreement	amod
3	disagreement	disagreement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	between	between	ADP	_	6 parties	case
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 parties	nummod
6	parties	party	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 disagreement	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 standing	case
8	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 standing	amod
9	standing	standing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 parties	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Conduct witnessed exclusively by members of staff

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	witnessed	witness	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Conduct	acl
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 witnessed	advmod
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 members	case
5	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 witnessed	obl:agent
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 staff	case
7	staff	staff	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 members	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	witness	participle		Conduct not said here				exclusively property	vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Any physical contact occurring upon school premises

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	3 contact	det
2	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 contact	amod
3	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	occurring	occur	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 contact	acl
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 premises	case
6	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 premises	compound
7	premises	premise	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 occurring	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	gerund	any physical contact not said here			school premises			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon premise=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Repeated, intentional harm by a party possessing greater power

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 harm	punct
3	intentional	intentional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 harm	amod
4	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Repeated	obl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 party	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 party	det
7	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Repeated	obl
8	possessing	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 party	acl
9	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 power	amod
10	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 possessing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repeat	participle		intentional harm				by a party	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	possess	gerund	a party not said here	greater power					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot power=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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