Exam question 4 · Lonely and different: accents, big brothers and being too…

In respect of the possession of more than one close friend, determine which statement is correct.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, statement · What happens: determine, be, respect, possess · To what, where: respect, possession, one close friend

This is exam question 4 of lesson 22 «Lonely and different: accents, big brothers and being too much» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 respect	case
2	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 determine	obl
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 possession	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 possession	det
5	possession	possession	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 respect	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	11 friend	case
7	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	9 one	advmod
8	than	than	ADP	_	7 more	fixed
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 friend	nummod
10	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 friend	amod
11	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 possession	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 respect	punct
13	determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	15 statement	det
15	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 correct	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 correct	cop
17	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 determine	ccomp
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here		respect of the possession of one close friend		vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	which statement			correct property	tree rules
3	respect			the possession of one close friend			nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient
4	possess			one close friend			nom possession «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A person may maintain more than one close friendship concurrently

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 maintain	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 maintain	aux
4	maintain	maintain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	7 one	advmod
6	than	than	ADP	_	5 more	fixed
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 friendship	nummod
8	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 friendship	amod
9	friendship	friendship	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 maintain	obj
10	concurrently	concurrently	ADV	_	4 maintain	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	maintain	may	a person	one close friendship				concurrently property	vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent friendship=Theme

Option 2

Close friendships are limited by custom to one per person

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 friendships	amod
2	friendships	friendship	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 limited	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 limited	aux:pass
4	limited	limit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 custom	case
6	custom	custom	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 limited	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 one	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 limited	obl
9	per	per	ADP	_	10 person	case
10	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 one	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	limit	present · passive	custom	Close friendships	one per person				vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer subject=Patient to one=Goal

Option 3

The acquisition of a new friend automatically terminates all prior friendships

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 acquisition	det
2	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 terminates	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 friend	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 friend	det
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 friend	amod
6	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 acquisition	nmod
7	automatically	automatically	ADV	_	8 terminates	advmod
8	terminates	terminate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 friendships	det
10	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 friendships	amod
11	friendships	friendship	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 terminates	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	terminate	present	the acquisition of a new friend	all prior friendships				automatically property	vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Theme
2	acquire			a new friend					nom acquisition «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

A new friendship obliges the abandonment of the former friend

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 friendship	det
2	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 friendship	amod
3	friendship	friendship	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obliges	nsubj
4	obliges	oblige	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 abandonment	det
6	abandonment	abandonment	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obliges	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 friend	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 friend	det
9	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 friend	amod
10	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 abandonment	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oblige	present	a new friendship	the abandonment of the former friend					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abandonment=Patient
2	abandon			the former friend					nom abandonment «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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