Exam question 1 · Getting help: when sadness or worry won't go away

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises low mood persisting for a period of weeks?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: low mood · What happens: follow, characteris, persist · To what, where: low mood

This is exam question 1 of lesson 29 «Getting help: when sadness or worry won't go away» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 mood	amod
10	mood	mood	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	persisting	persist	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 mood	acl
12	for	for	ADP	_	14 period	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 period	det
14	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 persisting	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 weeks	case
16	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 period	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		low mood	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	persist	gerund	low mood not said here		for a period of weeks	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is experienced solely by persons with a substantial reason for sadness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 experienced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 experienced	aux:pass
3	experienced	experience	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 experienced	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 persons	case
6	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 experienced	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 reason	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 reason	det
9	substantial	substantial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 reason	amod
10	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 experienced	obl
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 sadness	case
12	sadness	sadness	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reason	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	experience	present · passive	persons	It				with a substantial reason for sadness; solely property	vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes a sign that assistance ought to be sought from a trusted adult

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 sign	det
4	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 sought	mark
6	assistance	assistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sought	nsubj:pass
7	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 sought	aux
8	to	to	PART	_	10 sought	mark
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 sought	aux:pass
10	sought	seek	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 sign	acl
11	from	from	ADP	_	14 adult	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 adult	det
13	trusted	trust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 adult	amod
14	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sought	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a sign		vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sign=Pivot
2	seek	ought · passive		assistance	from a trusted adult	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	trust	participle				vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It constitutes evidence of a dramatic disposition requiring concealment

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 disposition	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 disposition	det
6	dramatic	dramatic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 disposition	amod
7	disposition	disposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 evidence	nmod
8	requiring	require	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 disposition	acl
9	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 requiring	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	evidence of a dramatic disposition	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme evidence=Pivot
2	require	gerund	a dramatic disposition not said here	concealment	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme concealment=Precondition
3	evidence			a dramatic disposition	nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

It invariably resolves within twenty-four hours without intervention

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 resolves	nsubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 resolves	advmod
3	resolves	resolve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	within	within	ADP	_	8 hours	case
5	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 four	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 twenty	punct
7	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 hours	nummod
8	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 resolves	obl
9	without	without	ADP	_	10 intervention	case
10	intervention	intervention	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 resolves	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	resolve	present	It				hour	without intervention; invariably property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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