Exam question 4 · Living with loss: keeping memories, and loss that isn't de…
Ascertain which of the following is consistent with the facts concerning a friendship formed after a former friend has emigrated.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, facts, former friend · What happens: ascertain, follow, be, concern, form, emigrate · To what, where: friendship
This is exam question 4 of lesson 3 «Living with loss: keeping memories, and loss that isn't death» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 consistent | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 7 consistent | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 consistent | det |
| 5 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 consistent | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 consistent | cop |
| 7 | consistent | consistent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Ascertain | ccomp |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 facts | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 facts | det |
| 10 | facts | fact | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 consistent | obl |
| 11 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 facts | acl |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 friendship | det |
| 13 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 concerning | obj |
| 14 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 friendship | acl |
| 15 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 20 emigrated | mark |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 friend | det |
| 17 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 friend | amod |
| 18 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 emigrated | nsubj |
| 19 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 emigrated | aux |
| 20 | emigrated | emigrate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 formed | advcl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | is | present | with the facts; consistent property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | concern | gerund | the facts not said here | a friendship | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus friendship=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | form | participle | a friendship not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | emigrate | present · perfect | a former friend | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The new friendship necessarily signifies that the former has ended
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 friendship | det |
| 2 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 friendship | amod |
| 3 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 signifies | nsubj |
| 4 | necessarily | necessarily | ADV | _ | 5 signifies | advmod |
| 5 | signifies | signify | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 ended | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 former | det |
| 8 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 ended | nsubj |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 ended | aux |
| 10 | ended | end | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 signifies | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | signify | present | the new friendship | necessarily property | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | end | present · perfect | the former | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
Option 2
The new friendship must necessarily be terminated upon the former friend's return
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 friendship | det |
| 2 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 friendship | amod |
| 3 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 terminated | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 terminated | aux |
| 5 | necessarily | necessarily | ADV | _ | 7 terminated | advmod |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 terminated | aux:pass |
| 7 | terminated | terminate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 13 return | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 friend | det |
| 10 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 friend | amod |
| 11 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 return | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 friend | case |
| 13 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 terminated | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | terminate | must · passive | the new friendship | upon the former friend's return; necessarily property | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | return | the former friend | nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
The new friendship does not constitute a betrayal of the former one
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 friendship | det |
| 2 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 friendship | amod |
| 3 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 constitute | nsubj |
| 4 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 constitute | aux |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 constitute | advmod |
| 6 | constitute | constitute | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 betrayal | det |
| 8 | betrayal | betrayal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 constitute | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 one | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 one | det |
| 11 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 one | amod |
| 12 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 betrayal | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not constitute | present · do-support | the new friendship | a betrayal of the former one | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme betrayal=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | betray | the former one | nom betrayal «act transitive»: of=patient |
Option 4
The new friendship is invalid pending the former friend's consent
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 friendship | det |
| 2 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 friendship | amod |
| 3 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 invalid | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 invalid | aux:pass |
| 5 | invalid | invali | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | pending | pend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 invalid | advcl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 friend | det |
| 8 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 friend | amod |
| 9 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 consent | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 friend | case |
| 11 | consent | consent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pending | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invali | present · passive | the new friendship | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | pend | gerund | the former friend's consent | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | consent | the former friend | nom consent «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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