Exam question 1 · Olympiad: thinking traps and what helps first ★★★

Identify the thinking trap shown by the assertion "Everybody in the class must consider me foolish," made in the absence of any statement to that effect.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, thinking trap · What happens: identify, show, consider, make, absent · To what, where: thinking trap, me, absence, statement · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 32 «Olympiad: thinking traps and what helps first ★★★» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 trap	det
3	thinking	thinking	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 trap	compound
4	trap	trap	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 consider	nsubj
5	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 trap	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 assertion	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 assertion	det
8	assertion	assertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shown	obl
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 Everybody	punct
10	Everybody	everybody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	8 assertion	appos
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 class	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 class	det
13	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 Everybody	nmod
14	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 consider	aux
15	consider	consider	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Identify	ccomp
16	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 consider	obj
17	foolish	foolish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 consider	xcomp
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 made	punct
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 made	punct
20	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Identify	parataxis
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 absence	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 absence	det
23	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 made	obl
24	of	of	ADP	_	26 statement	case
25	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	26 statement	det
26	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 absence	nmod
27	to	to	ADP	_	29 effect	case
28	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	29 effect	det
29	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 statement	nmod
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here				vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	show	participle		the thinking trap not said here		by the assertion	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	consider in a quote	must	the thinking trap	me		foolish property	vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent i=Attribute
4	make	participle			the absence of any statement to that effect		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
5	absent			any statement to that effect			nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Accurate perception, requiring no further examination

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Accurate	accurate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 perception	amod
2	perception	perception	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 requiring	punct
4	requiring	require	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 perception	acl
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 examination	det
6	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 examination	amod
7	examination	examination	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 requiring	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	gerund	Accurate perception not said here	no further examination					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme examination=Precondition

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Mind reading, the assumption of others' thoughts without enquiry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mind	mind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reading	compound
2	reading	reading	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 assumption	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 assumption	det
5	assumption	assumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reading	conj
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 thoughts	case
7	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 thoughts	nmod:poss
8	'	's	PART	_	7 others	case
9	thoughts	thought	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 assumption	nmod
10	without	without	ADP	_	11 enquiry	case
11	enquiry	enquiry	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 thoughts	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assume			others's thoughts without enquiry					nom assumption «communication transitive»: of=patient
2	think		others					without enquiry	nom thought «cognition transitive»: poss=agent without=obl

Option 3

Fortune telling, the confident prediction of future events

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fortune	fortune	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 telling	compound
2	telling	telling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 prediction	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 prediction	det
5	confident	confident	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 prediction	amod
6	prediction	prediction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 telling	appos
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 events	case
8	future	future	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 events	amod
9	events	event	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 prediction	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	predict			future events					nom prediction «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Grief, being a natural response to bereavement

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grief	grief	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 response	punct
3	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 response	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 response	det
5	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 response	amod
6	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Grief	appos
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 bereavement	case
8	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 response	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	gerund		a natural response				to bereavement	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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