Test 7 · ★ · Letting a friend down: broken promises and spilled secrets Ruby thinks: "I stood there like a lemon. I'm a coward forever." ("Stood there like a lemon" means did nothing.) What's a fairer thought?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ruby, I · What happens: think, stand, be, mean, do · To what, where: lemon, coward, nothing, fairer thought · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 4 «Letting a friend down: broken promises and spilled secrets» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Ruby thinks: "I stood there like a lemon.
nsubj punct punct nsubj ccomp advmod discourse det obl punct root Ruby PROPN thinks VERB : PUNCT " PUNCT I PRON stood VERB there ADV like ADP a DET lemon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 2 thinks nsubj 2 thinks think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 : : PUNCT _ 6 stood punct 4 " " PUNCT _ 6 stood punct 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 stood nsubj 6 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 thinks ccomp 7 there there ADV PronType=Dem 6 stood advmod 8 like like ADP _ 10 lemon discourse 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 lemon det 10 lemon lemon NOUN Number=Sing 6 stood obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 thinks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other present Ruby vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 stand in a quote past Ruby a lemon there vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: I'm a coward forever."
nsubj cop det advmod punct punct root I PRON 'm AUX a DET coward NOUN forever ADV . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 coward nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 coward cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 coward det 4 coward coward NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 forever forever ADV _ 4 coward advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 coward punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 4 coward punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present I a coward forever property tree rules
Sentence 3: ("Stood there like a lemon" means did nothing.)
punct punct csubj advmod discourse det obl punct ccomp obj punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Stood VERB there ADV like ADP a DET lemon NOUN " PUNCT means VERB did VERB nothing PRON . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 Stood punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Stood punct 3 Stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 means csubj 4 there there ADV PronType=Dem 3 Stood advmod 5 like like ADP _ 7 lemon discourse 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 lemon det 7 lemon lemon NOUN Number=Sing 3 Stood obl 8 " " PUNCT _ 3 Stood punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 means ccomp 11 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 10 did obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand in a quote past a lemon there vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 do past nothing vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality
Sentence 4: What's a fairer thought?
nsubj cop det amod punct root What PRON 's AUX a DET fairer ADJ thought NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 5 thought nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 thought cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thought det 4 fairer fair ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 thought amod 5 thought thought NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 thought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a fairer thought tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice I am a coward, so I should never try to help anyone
nsubj cop det punct advmod nsubj aux advmod parataxis mark xcomp obj root I PRON am AUX a DET coward NOUN , PUNCT so ADV I PRON should AUX never ADV try VERB to PART help VERB anyone PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 coward nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 coward cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 coward det 4 coward coward NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 try punct 6 so so ADV _ 10 try advmod 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 try nsubj 8 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 try aux 9 never never ADV PronType=Neg 10 try advmod 10 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 coward parataxis 11 to to PART _ 12 help mark 12 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 try xcomp 13 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 help obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present I a coward tree rules 2 not try should I vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 help not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here anyone vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anyone=Beneficiary
Option 2 Bystanders are never responsible for anything
nsubj cop advmod case obl root Bystanders NOUN are AUX never ADV responsible ADJ for ADP anything PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bystanders bystander NOUN Number=Plur 4 responsible nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 responsible cop 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 responsible advmod 4 responsible responsible ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 anything case 6 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 responsible obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present Bystanders for anything; responsible property tree rules
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer Fear froze me this time, but next time I can be braver
nsubj obj det obl:unmarked punct cc amod obl:unmarked nsubj aux cop conj root Fear NOUN froze VERB me PRON this DET time NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ next ADJ time NOUN I PRON can AUX be AUX braver ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 2 froze nsubj 2 froze freeze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 froze obj 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 froze obl:unmarked 6 , , PUNCT _ 13 braver punct 7 but but CCONJ _ 13 braver cc 8 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 9 time amod 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 13 braver obl:unmarked 10 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 braver nsubj 11 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 braver aux 12 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 13 braver cop 13 braver brave ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 froze conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 freeze past Fear me time vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient i=Result 2 is can I time brave property tree rules
Option 4 Lucy should have stood up for herself instead
nsubj aux aux compound:prt case obl advmod root Lucy PROPN should AUX have AUX stood VERB up ADP for ADP herself PRON instead ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lucy Lucy PROPN Number=Sing 4 stood nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 stood aux 3 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 stood aux 4 stood stand VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 stood compound:prt 6 for for ADP _ 7 herself case 7 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 4 stood obl 8 instead instead ADV _ 4 stood advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand up should · perfect Lucy for Lucy; instead property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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