Exam question 4 · Bitten, lost, hurt: when fear stays after the danger

Ascertain which of the following is consistent with the facts concerning the conduct of wasps.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, facts · What happens: ascertain, follow, be, concern, conduct · To what, where: conduct, wasps

This is exam question 4 of lesson 6 «Bitten, lost, hurt: when fear stays after the danger» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
3	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 consistent	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 consistent	det
5	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 consistent	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Ascertain	ccomp
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 conduct	det
13	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 wasps	case
15	wasps	wasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 conduct	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here			vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present			with the facts; consistent property	tree rules
4	concern	gerund	the facts not said here	the conduct of wasps		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus conduct=Experiencer
5	conduct			wasps		nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Wasps are incapable of stinging any person more than once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wasps	wasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 incapable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 stinging	mark
5	stinging	sting	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 incapable	advcl
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stinging	obj
8	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 incapable	advmod
9	than	than	ADP	_	10 once	case
10	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 incapable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Wasps					incapable property	tree rules
2	sting	gerund	Wasps not said here	any person					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus person=Experiencer

Option 2

Wasps pursue human beings deliberately in order to sting them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wasps	wasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pursue	nsubj
2	pursue	pursue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 beings	amod
4	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pursue	obj
5	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	_	2 pursue	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 order	case
7	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pursue	obl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 sting	mark
9	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 pursue	advcl
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 sting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pursue	present	Wasps	human beings		order		deliberately property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent being=Theme in order=Trajectory
2	sting	to-infinitive	Wasps not said here	beings = being					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Wasps commonly sting when they perceive themselves to be threatened

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wasps	wasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 perceive	nsubj
2	commonly	commonly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sting	amod
3	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Wasps	conj
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 perceive	advmod
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 perceive	nsubj
6	perceive	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	6 perceive	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	10 threatened	mark
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 threatened	aux:pass
10	threatened	threaten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 perceive	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present	Wasps and commonly sting	Wasps = wasp					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer themselves=Stimulus
2	threaten	to-infinitive · passive	Wasps and commonly sting not said here						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»

Option 4

Wasps are dispersed effectively by vigorous flapping of the arms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wasps	wasp	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dispersed	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dispersed	aux:pass
3	dispersed	disperse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	effectively	effectively	ADV	_	3 dispersed	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 flapping	case
6	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 flapping	amod
7	flapping	flapping	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dispersed	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 arms	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 arms	det
10	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 flapping	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	disperse	present · passive	vigorous flapping of the arms	Wasps				effectively property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	flap			the arms					nom flapping «event transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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