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Test 6 · ★★★ · Olympiad practice: the hardest cases

"Rory, you liar, you haven't got a horse!" someone shouts in class. Why is a quiet word better?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, quiet word · What happens: liar, not get, shout, be · To what, where: horse, class · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 100 «Olympiad practice: the hardest cases» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "Rory, you liar, you haven't got a horse!" someone shouts in class.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Rory	punct
2	Rory	Rory	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 shouts	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 liar	punct
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 liar	nsubj
5	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Rory	appos
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 got	punct
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 got	nsubj
8	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 got	aux
9	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 got	advmod
10	got	get	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 Rory	parataxis
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 horse	det
12	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 got	obj
13	!	!	PUNCT	_	10 got	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Rory	punct
15	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	16 shouts	nsubj
16	shouts	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 class	case
18	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 shouts	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 shouts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	liar in a quote		you						tree rules
2	not get in a quote	present · perfect	you	a horse					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horse=Stimulus
3	shout speech: express	present				class			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is a quiet word better?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 better	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 better	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 word	det
4	quiet	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 word	amod
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 better	nsubj
6	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 better	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a quiet word					good property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Because nobody in the class cares about horses anyway

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	6 cares	mark
2	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 cares	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 class	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 class	det
5	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 nobody	nmod
6	cares	care	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	about	about	ADP	_	8 horses	case
8	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 cares	obl
9	anyway	anyway	ADV	_	6 cares	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	care	present	nobody					about horses; anyway property	vn care-88.1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus what S»: agent=Experiencer about horse=Stimulus

Option 2

Because Rory might really have a horse that nobody has seen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	5 have	mark
2	Rory	Rory	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 have	nsubj
3	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 have	aux
4	really	really	ADV	_	5 have	advmod
5	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 horse	det
7	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 have	obj
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 seen	nsubj
9	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	11 seen	nsubj
10	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 seen	aux
11	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 horse	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	might	Rory	a horse					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient
2	see	present · perfect	a horse						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

Because shouting is always fine if somebody is lying

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	5 fine	mark
2	shouting	shouting	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fine	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fine	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 fine	advmod
5	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 lying	mark
7	somebody	somebody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 lying	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 lying	aux
9	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 fine	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	shouting					always, fine property	tree rules
2	lie a condition, not said to happen	present · progressive	somebody						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It helps Rory stop without shaming him in public

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 helps	nsubj
2	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Rory	Rory	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 helps	obj
4	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 helps	xcomp
5	without	without	SCONJ	_	6 shaming	mark
6	shaming	shame	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 stop	advcl
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 shaming	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 public	case
9	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 shaming	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	It	Rory					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent rory=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	stop	infinitive	Rory not said here						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	shame	gerund	Rory not said here	Rory		public			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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