Test 2 · ★★ · Solomon and the Queen of Sheba: one story in many books, a…

A friend says historians have proved every part of the queen's visit. What is fairer?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend, historians, queen · What happens: say, prove, visit, be · To what, where: part · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 101 «Solomon and the Queen of Sheba: one story in many books, and the legends of the ring and the jinn» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend says historians have proved every part of the queen's visit.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 proved	nsubj
5	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 proved	aux
6	proved	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 says	ccomp
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 part	det
8	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 proved	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	13 visit	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 queen	det
11	queen	queen	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 visit	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 queen	case
13	visit	visit	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 part	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	prove	present · perfect	historians	every part of the queen's visit	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme
3	visit		the queen		nom visit «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is fairer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 fairer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fairer	cop
3	fairer	fair	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 fairer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						fair property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Yes, a painting made on the day of the visit was found in Jerusalem

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	13 found	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 painting	det
4	painting	painting	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 found	nsubj:pass
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 painting	acl
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 day	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 day	det
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 visit	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 visit	det
11	visit	visit	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 day	nmod
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 found	aux:pass
13	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 Jerusalem	case
15	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		a painting not said here			day		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	find	past · passive		a painting		Jerusalem			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 2

No, historians have proved there was never a Saba

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 proved	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 proved	nsubj
4	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 proved	aux
5	proved	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	7 was	expl
7	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 proved	ccomp
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	10 Saba	advmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 Saba	det
10	Saba	Saba	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 proved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · perfect	historians	a Saba					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	be	past	historians not said here			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Yes, the queen's diary was found in Yemen last year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 found	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 queen	det
4	queen	queen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 diary	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 queen	case
6	diary	diary	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 found	nsubj:pass
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 found	aux:pass
8	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 Yemen	case
10	Yemen	Yemen	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 found	obl
11	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 year	amod
12	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 found	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · passive		the queen's diary		Yemen	year		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Saba was real, but no record outside these books tells of the visit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Saba	Saba	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 real	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 real	cop
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 tells	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 tells	cc
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 record	det
7	record	record	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tells	nsubj
8	outside	outside	ADP	_	10 books	case
9	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	10 books	det
10	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 record	nmod
11	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 real	conj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 visit	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 visit	det
14	visit	visit	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tells	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Saba					real property	tree rules
2	tell speech: assert	present	no record outside this books					of the visit	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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