Test 9 · ★★★ · Paul, his letters and the way of love

Which is the best reason Paul's words were written as letters?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: best reason, Paul · What happens: be, write, word · To what, where: best reason, words

This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 20 «Paul, his letters and the way of love» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 reason	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reason	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	Paul	Paul	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 words	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Paul	case
8	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 written	nsubj:pass
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 written	aux:pass
10	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 reason	acl:relcl
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 letters	case
12	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 written	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the best reason		tree rules
2	write	past · passive	the best reason not said here	Paul's words	as letters	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Result as letter=Attribute
3	word		Paul			nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He wanted to hide his teaching from the churches he had started

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 wanted	nsubj
2	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 hide	mark
4	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 wanted	xcomp
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 teaching	nmod:poss
6	teaching	teaching	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hide	obj
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 churches	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 churches	det
9	churches	church	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hide	obl
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 started	nsubj
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 started	aux
12	started	start	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 churches	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	want	past	He			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	hide not said to happen	to-infinitive	He not said here	his teaching	the churches	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent teaching=Patient from church=Beneficiary
3	start	past · perfect	he	the churches not said here		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent church=Eventuality
4	teach		his = he			nom teaching «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

He did not know how to preach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 know	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 know	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 know	advmod
4	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	7 preach	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 preach	mark
7	preach	preach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 know	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not know	past · do-support	He						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	preach speech: other	to-infinitive							vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He was far away and churches needed advice for real problems

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 away	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 away	cop
3	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 away	advmod
4	away	away	ADV	_	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 churches	cc
6	churches	church	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 away	conj
7	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 advice	amod
8	advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 churches	conj
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 problems	case
10	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 problems	amod
11	problems	problem	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 churches	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					away, far property	tree rules
2	need	participle							vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Option 4

Letters were the only thing people read then

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 thing	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 thing	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 thing	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 thing	amod
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 read	nsubj
7	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 thing	acl:relcl
8	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 read	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Letters	the only thing					tree rules
2	read	present	people	the only thing not said here			then		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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