Test 10 · ★★★ · Paul, his letters and the way of love

A judge asks, «Why might love be greater than faith and hope?» Which answer is best reasoned?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: judge · What happens: ask, love, be, reason · To what, where: answer · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 20 «Paul, his letters and the way of love» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A judge asks, «Why might love be greater than faith and hope?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 judge	det
2	judge	judge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 asks	nsubj
3	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 love	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 love	punct
6	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 love	advmod
7	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 love	aux
8	love	love	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 asks	ccomp
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 greater	cop
10	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 love	xcomp
11	than	than	ADP	_	12 faith	case
12	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 greater	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 hope	cc
14	hope	hope	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 faith	conj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 asks	punct
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 asks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	a judge		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	love in a quote	might			vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer
3	is not said to happen, in a quote	infinitive		than faith and hope; great property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which answer is best reasoned?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 answer	det
2	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reasoned	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reasoned	aux:pass
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 reasoned	amod
5	reasoned	reason	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 reasoned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reason	present · passive		which answer					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Because faith and hope are only for old people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	9 people	mark
2	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 people	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 hope	cc
4	hope	hope	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 faith	conj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 people	cop
6	only	only	ADV	_	9 people	advmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 people	case
8	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 people	amod
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	faith and hope					for old people	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Paul says love lasts for ever and is shown to others; some might value faith most, but love includes it

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Paul	Paul	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	love	love	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lasts	nsubj
4	lasts	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 ever	case
6	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 lasts	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 shown	cc
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 shown	aux:pass
9	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 lasts	conj
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 others	case
11	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 shown	obl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 value	punct
13	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	15 value	nsubj
14	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 value	aux
15	value	value	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 says	conj
16	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 value	obj
17	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	15 value	advmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 includes	punct
19	but	but	CCONJ	_	21 includes	cc
20	love	love	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 includes	nsubj
21	includes	include	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	conj
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 includes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Paul			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	last	present	love			vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
3	show	present · passive	love not said here		others	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: to other=Recipient
4	value	might	some	faith		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer faith=Stimulus
5	include	present	love	faith		vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 3

Because Paul said so, and that is all you need to say

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	3 said	mark
2	Paul	Paul	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	so	so	ADV	_	3 said	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 all	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 all	cc
7	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 all	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 all	cop
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 said	ccomp
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 need	nsubj
11	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 all	acl:relcl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 say	mark
13	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 need	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Paul	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	need	present	you	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	say speech: assert not said to happen	to-infinitive	you not said here	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Because love is the easiest of the three to feel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	5 easiest	mark
2	love	love	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 easiest	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 easiest	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 easiest	det
5	easiest	easy	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 three	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 three	det
8	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 easiest	nmod
9	to	to	PART	_	10 feel	mark
10	feel	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 easiest	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	love					of the three; easy property	tree rules
2	feel	to-infinitive	love not said here						vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/20-paul-his-letters-and-the-way-of-love/t10/