Exam question 1 · Baptism, communion and confirmation

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sacrament as understood by Christians?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, understand · To what, where: sacrament

This is exam question 1 of lesson 24 «Baptism, communion and confirmation» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 sacrament	det
10	sacrament	sacrament	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 understood	mark
12	understood	understand	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	advcl
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 Christians	case
14	Christians	Christian	PROPN	Number=Plur	12 understood	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	a sacrament	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	understand	participle		by Christians	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A code of conduct to which all believers must subscribe without exception

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 code	det
2	code	code	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 conduct	case
4	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 code	nmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 subscribe	obl
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 believers	det
8	believers	believer	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 subscribe	nsubj
9	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 subscribe	aux
10	subscribe	subscribe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 code	acl:relcl
11	without	without	ADP	_	12 exception	case
12	exception	exception	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 subscribe	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subscribe	must	all believers					to a code of conduct; without exception	tree rules
2	code			conduct					nom code «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

A recompense conferred upon proficiency in the catechism

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 recompense	det
2	recompense	recompense	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	conferred	confer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 recompense	acl
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 proficiency	case
5	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conferred	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 catechism	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 catechism	det
8	catechism	catechism	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conferred	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confer	participle		a recompense not said here		the catechism		upon proficiency	vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

An outward and visible sign of an inward grace bestowed by God

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sign	det
2	outward	outward	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sign	amod
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 visible	cc
4	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 outward	conj
5	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 grace	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 grace	det
8	inward	inward	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 grace	amod
9	grace	grace	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sign	nmod
10	bestowed	bestow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 grace	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 God	case
12	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 bestowed	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bestow	participle		a inward grace not said here					tree rules
2	sign			a inward grace					nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

A canticle sung at the conclusion of divine service

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 canticle	det
2	canticle	canticle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	sung	sing	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 canticle	acl
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 conclusion	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 conclusion	det
6	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sung	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 service	case
8	divine	divine	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 service	compound
9	service	service	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 conclusion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	participle		a canticle not said here		the conclusion of divine service			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at conclusion=Location
2	conclude			divine service					nom conclusion «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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