Exam question 2 · Baptism, communion and confirmation

Identify the principal ground upon which certain churches administer baptism solely to believers.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, certain churches · What happens: identify, administer · To what, where: principal ground, baptism

This is exam question 2 of lesson 24 «Baptism, communion and confirmation» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ground	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 ground	amod
4	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 administer	obl
7	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 churches	amod
8	churches	church	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 administer	nsubj
9	administer	administer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ground	acl:relcl
10	baptism	baptism	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 administer	obj
11	solely	solely	ADV	_	9 administer	advmod
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 believers	case
13	believers	believer	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 solely	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal ground					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent ground=Theme
2	administer	present	certain churches	baptism				upon the principal ground; solely property	vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent baptism=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

That infants are excluded from the love of God

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 infants	det
2	infants	infant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 excluded	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 excluded	aux:pass
4	excluded	exclude	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 love	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 love	det
7	love	love	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 excluded	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 God	case
9	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 love	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exclude	present · passive		that infants		the love of God			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from love=Eventuality
2	love			God					nom love «feeling transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

That faith ought to be the personal decision of the one baptised

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 faith	det
2	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 decision	nsubj
3	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 decision	aux
4	to	to	PART	_	8 decision	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 decision	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 decision	det
7	personal	personal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 decision	amod
8	decision	decision	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 one	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 one	det
11	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 decision	nmod
12	baptised	baptise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 one	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	ought	that faith	the personal decision				of the one	tree rules
2	baptise	participle		the one not said here					tree rules

Option 3

That infants are of insufficient weight to be immersed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 infants	det
2	infants	infant	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 weight	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 weight	cop
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 weight	case
5	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 weight	amod
6	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	9 immersed	mark
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 immersed	aux:pass
9	immersed	immerse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 weight	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	that infants					of insufficient weight	tree rules
2	immerse	to-infinitive · passive							vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»

Option 4

That water is deemed injurious to infants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 water	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 deemed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 deemed	aux:pass
4	deemed	deem	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	injurious	injurious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 deemed	xcomp
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 infants	case
7	infants	infant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 deemed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deem	present · passive		that water				to infants; injurious property	vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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