Exam question 4 · Hinduism and Sikhism

Ascertain the meaning of the term ahimsa as employed in Hinduism.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, employ, mean · To what, where: meaning, term ahimsa, Hinduism

This is exam question 4 of lesson 32 «Hinduism and Sikhism» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 meaning	det
3	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 ahimsa	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ahimsa	det
6	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ahimsa	compound
7	ahimsa	ahimsa	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 meaning	nmod
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 employed	mark
9	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 ahimsa	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 Hinduism	case
11	Hinduism	Hinduism	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 employed	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the meaning of the term ahimsa		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Topic
2	employ	participle		the term ahimsa not said here	Hinduism	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	mean			the term ahimsa		nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The obligation to wear five articles of faith

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 obligation	det
2	obligation	obligation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 wear	mark
4	wear	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 obligation	acl
5	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 articles	nummod
6	articles	article	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 wear	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 faith	case
8	faith	faith	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 articles	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	to-infinitive		five articles of faith					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent article=Source
2	article			faith					nom article «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The principle of non-violence towards all living beings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 principle	det
2	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 non-violence	case
4	non-violence	non-violence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 principle	nmod
5	towards	towards	ADP	_	8 beings	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 beings	det
7	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 beings	amod
8	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 principle	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	gerund							vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

The principle of selfless service rendered within the temple

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 principle	det
2	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rendered	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 service	case
4	selfless	selfless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 service	amod
5	service	service	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 principle	nmod
6	rendered	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	within	within	ADP	_	9 temple	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 temple	det
9	temple	temple	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rendered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	past	the principle of selfless service					within the temple	vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The obligation to fast during the hours of daylight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 obligation	det
2	obligation	obligation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 fast	mark
4	fast	fast	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 obligation	acl
5	during	during	ADP	_	7 hours	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 hours	det
7	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fast	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 daylight	case
9	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fast	to-infinitive					hour		tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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