Exam question 1 · Three ways of thinking: rules, consequences, character

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the approach designated "deontology"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: approach · What happens: follow, characteris, designate · To what, where: approach, deontology

This is exam question 1 of lesson 37 «Three ways of thinking: rules, consequences, character» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 approach	det
10	approach	approach	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 approach	acl
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 deontology	punct
13	deontology	deontology	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designated	obj
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 deontology	punct
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the approach	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	participle	the approach not said here	deontology		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deontology=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Certain actions are right or wrong in themselves, irrespective of outcome

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Certain	certain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 actions	compound
2	actions	action	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 right	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 right	cop
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 wrong	cc
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 right	conj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 themselves	case
8	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	4 right	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 outcome	punct
10	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	_	12 outcome	advmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 outcome	case
12	outcome	outcome	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Certain actions					in actions = action; right property	tree rules
2	be		Certain actions not said here						tree rules

Option 2

The rightness of an action is determined solely by its results

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rightness	det
2	rightness	rightness	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 determined	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 action	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 action	det
5	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rightness	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 determined	aux:pass
7	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	solely	solely	ADV	_	7 determined	advmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 results	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 results	nmod:poss
11	results	result	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 determined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive	rightness's results	the rightness of a action				solely property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic
2	result		rightness						nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The rightness of an action is determined by popular approval

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rightness	det
2	rightness	rightness	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 determined	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 action	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 action	det
5	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rightness	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 determined	aux:pass
7	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 approval	case
9	popular	popular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 approval	amod
10	approval	approval	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 determined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive	popular approval	the rightness of a action					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Option 4

No action is in itself either right or wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 action	det
2	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 right	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 right	cop
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 itself	case
5	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 is	obl
6	either	either	ADV	PronType=Ind	7 right	advmod
7	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 wrong	cc
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 right	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	no action					either, right property	tree rules
2	be		no action not said here						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/37-rules-consequences-character/e1/