Exam question 2 · How to argue: reasons and evidence

Identify the reason which would be accorded the greatest weight in ethical deliberation.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, accord · To what, where: reason, ethical deliberation

This is exam question 2 of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 accorded	nsubj:pass
5	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 accorded	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 accorded	aux:pass
7	accorded	accord	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 weight	det
9	greatest	great	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 weight	amod
10	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 accorded	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 deliberation	case
12	ethical	ethical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 deliberation	amod
13	deliberation	deliberation	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 accorded	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	accord	would · passive		the reason		ethical deliberation			vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal weight=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

That the action would occasion harm to an innocent party

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 action	det
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 action	det
3	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 occasion	nsubj
4	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 occasion	aux
5	occasion	occasion	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 occasion	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	10 party	case
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 party	det
9	innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 party	amod
10	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 occasion	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occasion	would	that action	harm				to a innocent party	tree rules

Option 2

That the action is desired by the person concerned

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 action	det
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 action	det
3	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 desired	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 desired	aux:pass
5	desired	desire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 person	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 person	det
8	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 desired	obl
9	concerned	concerned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 person	amod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	desire	present · passive	the person	that action					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme

Option 3

That the action is presently undertaken by many others

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 action	det
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 action	det
3	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 undertaken	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 undertaken	aux:pass
5	presently	presently	ADV	_	6 undertaken	advmod
6	undertaken	undertake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 others	case
8	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 others	amod
9	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 undertaken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present · passive	many others	that action				presently property	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality

Option 4

That the action has been sanctioned by an older acquaintance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 action	det
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 action	det
3	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sanctioned	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 sanctioned	aux
5	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 sanctioned	aux:pass
6	sanctioned	sanction	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 acquaintance	case
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 acquaintance	det
9	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 acquaintance	amod
10	acquaintance	acquaintance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sanctioned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sanction	present · perfect · passive	a older acquaintance	that action					vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/e2/