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Test 1 · ★★ · How to argue: reasons and evidence

My sister says an argument means a fight. In ethics, what is it really?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: sister, argument · What happens: say, mean, be · To what, where: fight, argument · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: My sister says an argument means a fight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 sister	nmod:poss
2	sister	sister	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 argument	det
5	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	nsubj
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 fight	det
8	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	My sister						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean	present	a argument	a fight					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: In ethics, what is it really?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 ethics	case
2	ethics	ethic	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 what	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 ethics	punct
4	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 it	cop
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 what	nsubj
7	really	really	ADV	_	4 what	advmod
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 what	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		argument					tree rules

The options

Option 1

Shouting until the other person gives up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shouting	shout	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 gives	csubj
2	until	until	ADP	_	5 person	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 person	det
4	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 person	amod
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Shouting	obl
6	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 gives	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	gerund					until the other person		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	give up	present	Shouting						vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Refusing to listen to anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Refusing	refuse	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	to	to	PART	_	3 listen	mark
3	listen	listen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Refusing	xcomp
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 anything	case
5	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 listen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	gerund							vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not listen	to-infinitive						to anything	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to anything=Theme

Option 3

Calling the other person names

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Calling	call	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 names	det
3	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 names	amod
4	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 names	compound
5	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Calling	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	gerund		the other person names					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Giving reasons and evidence for a claim

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giving	give	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	reasons	reason	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Giving	obj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 evidence	cc
4	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reasons	conj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 claim	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 claim	det
7	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Giving	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	gerund		reasons and evidence				for a claim	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for claim=Asset

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t1/