Test 2 · ★★ · How to argue: reasons and evidence

"school dinners r gross cos they're gross" — what's wrong with this?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: school dinners, dinners, gross · What happens: be

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 gross	punct
2	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dinners	compound
3	dinners	dinner	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 gross	nsubj
4	r	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin	5 gross	cop
5	gross	gross	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 wrong	nsubj
6	cos	cos	SCONJ	_	9 gross	mark
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 gross	nsubj
8	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 gross	cop
9	gross	gross	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 gross	advcl
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 gross	punct
11	—	-	PUNCT	_	14 wrong	punct
12	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	14 wrong	nsubj
13	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 wrong	cop
14	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
15	with	with	ADP	_	16 this	case
16	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 wrong	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	14 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	school dinners	gross property	tree rules
2	is in a quote	present	dinners = dinner	gross property	tree rules
3	is	present	gross	with this; wrong property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The reason just repeats the claim, so it gives no real reason

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 reason	det
2	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 repeats	nsubj
3	just	just	ADV	_	4 repeats	advmod
4	repeats	repeat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 claim	det
6	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 repeats	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 gives	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 gives	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 gives	nsubj
10	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 repeats	conj
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 reason	det
12	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 reason	amod
13	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 gives	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repeat	present	the reason	the claim					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Eventuality
2	give	present	reason	no real reason					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Theme

Option 2

Nothing, it is a strong argument because the person is being very honest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 argument	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 argument	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 argument	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 argument	det
6	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 argument	amod
7	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 honest	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 person	det
10	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 honest	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 honest	cop
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 honest	cop
13	very	very	ADV	_	14 honest	advmod
14	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 argument	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Nothing	a strong argument					tree rules
2	is	present	the person					honest property	tree rules

Option 3

It uses slang, and slang always makes an argument wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 makes	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 makes	cc
6	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 makes	nsubj
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 makes	advmod
8	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 uses	conj
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 argument	det
10	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 makes	obj
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	It	slang					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slang=Patient
2	make	present	slang	a argument				always, wrong property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset argument=Product

Option 4

It is too short, so it only needs more words to be strong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 short	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 short	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 short	advmod
4	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 needs	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	9 needs	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 needs	nsubj
8	only	only	ADV	_	9 needs	advmod
9	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 short	parataxis
10	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 words	amod
11	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 needs	obj
12	to	to	PART	_	14 strong	mark
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 strong	cop
14	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 needs	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		short property	tree rules
2	need	present	it	more words		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot word=Theme
3	is	to-infinitive			strong property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t2/