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Test 4 · ★★ · How to argue: reasons and evidence

Ollie says kids should be allowed phones in class. Which is the best evidence to ask for?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ollie · What happens: say, allow, be, ask · To what, where: kids, class, best evidence · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ollie says kids should be allowed phones in class.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ollie	Ollie	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 allowed	nsubj:pass
4	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 allowed	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 allowed	aux:pass
6	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 says	ccomp
7	phones	phone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 allowed	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 class	case
9	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 allowed	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ollie						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	allow	should · passive		kids		class			vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal phone=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is the best evidence to ask for?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 evidence	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 evidence	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 evidence	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 evidence	amod
5	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 ask	mark
7	ask	ask	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 evidence	acl
8	for	for	ADP	_	7 ask	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 evidence	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the best evidence					tree rules
2	ask speech: ask	to-infinitive							vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Whether Ollie's phone is newer and better than everyone else's

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	_	6 newer	mark
2	Ollie	Ollie	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 phone	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Ollie	case
4	phone	phone	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 newer	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 newer	cop
6	newer	new	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 better	cc
8	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 newer	conj
9	than	than	ADP	_	10 everyone	case
10	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	6 newer	obl
11	else	else	ADV	_	10 everyone	advmod
12	's	's	PART	_	10 everyone	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ollie's phone					than everyone; new property	tree rules
2	be		Ollie's phone not said here						tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

What happened in schools that tried it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happened	nsubj
2	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 schools	case
4	schools	school	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 happened	obl
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 tried	nsubj
6	tried	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 schools	acl:relcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 tried	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	past				schools			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in school=Location
2	try	past	schools	it					vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

Option 3

How many people in the class like Ollie and agree with him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	2 many	advmod
2	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 people	amod
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 agree	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 class	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 class	det
6	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 people	nmod
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 Ollie	case
8	Ollie	Ollie	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 agree	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 agree	cc
10	agree	agree	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 him	case
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 agree	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	infinitive	many people in the class					like Ollie; with Ollie	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with he=Co-Agent

Option 4

Whether phones were invented before or after Ollie was born

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	_	4 invented	mark
2	phones	phone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 invented	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 invented	aux:pass
4	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	before	before	ADP	_	8 Ollie	case
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 after	cc
7	after	after	ADP	_	5 before	conj
8	Ollie	Ollie	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 born	obl
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 born	aux:pass
10	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 invented	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive		phones					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	bear	past · passive					before Ollie		vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t4/