Test 6 · ★★ · How to argue: reasons and evidence

oi u can't tell me off for being late, u were late last week. what idea is this kid using?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: oi, u, idea · What happens: not tell off, be, use · To what, where: me, kid · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	oi	oi	X	Foreign=Yes	5 tell	nsubj
2	u	you	PRON	Abbr=Yes Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 tell	nsubj
3	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 tell	aux
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 tell	advmod
5	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 tell	iobj
7	off	off	ADP	_	5 tell	compound:prt
8	for	for	SCONJ	_	10 late	mark
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 late	cop
10	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 tell	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 late	punct
12	u	you	PRON	Abbr=Yes Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 late	nsubj
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 late	cop
14	late	late	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 late	advmod
15	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 week	amod
16	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 late	obl:unmarked
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 tell	punct
18	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 using	nsubj:outer
19	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 kid	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 kid	cop
21	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	22 kid	det
22	kid	kid	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 what	acl:relcl
23	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 tell	ccomp
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	not tell off speech: assert	can	oi		me			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic
2	is	gerund	oi not said here				late property	tree rules
3	is	past	u			week	late property	tree rules
4	is a	present	idea	this kid				tree rules
5	use	gerund						vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A principle, because "do not harm the innocent" is about time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 principle	det
2	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 time	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 harm	punct
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 harm	mark
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 harm	punct
6	do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	8 harm	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 harm	advmod
8	harm	harm	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 principle	appos
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 innocent	det
10	innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 harm	obj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 harm	punct
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 time	cop
13	about	about	ADP	_	14 time	case
14	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not harm in a quote	infinitive · do-support		the innocent					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus innocent=Experiencer
2	is	present	a principle				about time		tree rules

Option 2

Evidence, because the facts prove that being late is never wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wrong	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 prove	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 prove	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 facts	det
5	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 prove	nsubj
6	prove	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Evidence	acl
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 late	mark
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 late	cop
9	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 prove	ccomp
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 wrong	cop
11	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	12 wrong	advmod
12	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	prove	present	the facts	Evidence not said here		vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme
2	is	gerund	the facts not said here		late property	tree rules
3	not is	present	Evidence		wrong property	tree rules

Option 3

Clarifying, because they are asking what the word late means

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Clarifying	clarify	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 means	csubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 asking	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 asking	mark
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 asking	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 asking	aux
6	asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Clarifying	conj
7	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	9 word	nsubj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 word	det
9	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 asking	obj
10	late	late	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 word	advmod
11	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	clarify	gerund			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	ask speech: ask	present · progressive	they		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	word			late property	tree rules
4	mean	present	Clarifying		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Consistency, though being late before does not make lateness right

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Consistency	consistency	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 make	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Consistency	punct
3	though	though	SCONJ	_	5 late	mark
4	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 late	cop
5	late	late	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 make	advmod
6	before	before	ADV	_	5 late	advmod
7	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 make	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 make	advmod
9	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	lateness	lateness	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 make	obj
11	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 make	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund						before, late property	tree rules
2	not make	present · do-support	Consistency	lateness				right property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset lateness=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t6/