Test 7 · ★★ · How to argue: reasons and evidence
Max says, "Stealing is wrong, but it's ok for me to take my brother's sweets." What is the problem?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Max, Stealing, it, problem · What happens: say, be, take · To what, where: sweets · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Max says, "Stealing is wrong, but it's ok for me to take my brother's sweets."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Max | Max | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 says | nsubj |
| 2 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 wrong | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 wrong | punct |
| 5 | Stealing | stealing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 wrong | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 wrong | cop |
| 7 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 says | ccomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 ok | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 ok | cc |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 ok | nsubj |
| 11 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 ok | cop |
| 12 | ok | ok | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 says | ccomp |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 me | case |
| 14 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 ok | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 take | mark |
| 16 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 ok | csubj |
| 17 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 brother | nmod:poss |
| 18 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 sweets | nmod:poss |
| 19 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 18 brother | case |
| 20 | sweets | sweet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 take | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 ok | punct |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 ok | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Max | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | Stealing | wrong property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | it | for Max; ok property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | take in a quote | to-infinitive | my brother's sweets | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is the problem?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 problem | det |
| 4 | problem | problem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the problem | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
He has given too many reasons for his view
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | too | too | ADV | _ | 5 many | advmod |
| 5 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 reasons | amod |
| 6 | reasons | reason | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 given | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 view | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 view | nmod:poss |
| 9 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 given | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · perfect · passive | He | for his view | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: subject=Recipient reason=Theme for view=Asset | ||||
| 2 | view | his = he | nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
Option 2
Nothing, because family sweets are special
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 special | punct |
| 3 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 7 special | mark |
| 4 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sweets | compound |
| 5 | sweets | sweet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 special | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 special | cop |
| 7 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Nothing | amod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | family sweets | special property | tree rules |
Option 3
He has asked too many clarifying questions
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 asked | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 asked | aux |
| 3 | asked | ask | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | too | too | ADV | _ | 5 many | advmod |
| 5 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 questions | amod |
| 6 | clarifying | clarify | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 questions | amod |
| 7 | questions | question | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 asked | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | present · perfect | He | many clarifying questions | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | clarify | gerund | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
He treats similar cases differently
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 treats | nsubj |
| 2 | treats | treat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | similar | similar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 cases | amod |
| 4 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 treats | obj |
| 5 | differently | differently | ADV | _ | 2 treats | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | treat | present | He | similar cases | differently property | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent case=Recipient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t7/