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Test 8 · ★★ · How to argue: reasons and evidence

Two friends argue for ages about whether a game is "fair". What would help most?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Two friends, game · What happens: argue, be, help · To what, where: ages · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Two friends argue for ages about whether a game is "fair".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 friends	nummod
2	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 argue	nsubj
3	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 ages	case
5	ages	age	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 argue	obl
6	about	about	SCONJ	_	12 fair	mark
7	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	12 fair	mark
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 game	det
9	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fair	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 fair	cop
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 fair	punct
12	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 ages	acl
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 fair	punct
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 argue	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	argue speech: disagree	present	Two friends				for ages		vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	a game	ages not said here				fair property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would help most?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 help	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 help	aux
3	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	3 help	advmod
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	would							vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

Seeing who can say "fair" the loudest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Seeing	see	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 say	csubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 say	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 fair	punct
6	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 say	ccomp
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 fair	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 loudest	det
9	loudest	loud	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 say	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	gerund							vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	say speech: assert	can							vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Letting the older one decide, no questions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Letting	let	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 decide	det
3	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 decide	amod
4	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 decide	compound
5	decide	decide	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Letting	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 questions	punct
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 questions	det
8	questions	question	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 decide	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	gerund		the older one decide and no questions					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decide=Theme

Option 3

Stopping the game and going home in a mood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stopping	stop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 game	det
3	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Stopping	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 going	cc
5	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Stopping	conj
6	home	home	ADV	_	5 going	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 mood	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 mood	det
9	mood	mood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 going	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	gerund		the game					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality game=Eventuality
2	go	gerund				a mood		home property	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in mood=Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Asking what each of them means by "fair"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 means	obj
3	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 means	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 them	case
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 each	nmod
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Asking	ccomp
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 fair	case
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 fair	punct
9	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Asking	obl
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 fair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	gerund						by fair	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean	present	each						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t8/