Exam question 1 · How to argue: counter-arguments and respect

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated "steel-manning"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: practice · What happens: follow, characteris, designate · To what, where: practice, steel manning

This is exam question 1 of lesson 40 «How to argue: counter-arguments and respect» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 practice	det
10	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 practice	acl
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 manning	punct
13	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 manning	compound
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	15 manning	punct
15	manning	manning	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designated	obj
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 manning	punct
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the practice	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	participle	the practice not said here	steel manning		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manning=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The statement of an opposing view in its strongest form prior to reply

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 statement	det
2	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 view	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 view	det
5	opposing	oppose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 view	amod
6	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 statement	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 form	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 form	nmod:poss
9	strongest	strong	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 form	amod
10	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 view	nmod
11	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 statement	amod
12	to	to	PART	_	13 reply	mark
13	reply	reply	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 prior	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	oppose	gerund			vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	reply speech: assert	to-infinitive			vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	state			a opposing view in view's strongest form	nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient
4	form		view		nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

The declining of any engagement whatsoever with an opposing view

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 declining	det
2	declining	declining	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 engagement	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 engagement	det
5	engagement	engagement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 declining	nmod
6	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	5 engagement	advmod
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 view	case
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 view	det
9	opposing	oppose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 view	amod
10	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 declining	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oppose	gerund							vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 3

The repetition of one's own view until the opponent concedes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 repetition	det
2	repetition	repetition	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concedes	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 view	case
4	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 view	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 one	case
6	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 view	amod
7	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 repetition	nmod
8	until	until	ADP	_	10 opponent	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 opponent	det
10	opponent	opponent	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 view	nmod
11	concedes	concede	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	roles by
1	concede	present	the repetition of one's own view until the opponent		vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
2	repeat		one's own view until the opponent		nom repetition «event intransitive»: of=agent
3	view		one	until the opponent	nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent until=obl

Option 4

The statement of an opposing view in its weakest form prior to reply

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 statement	det
2	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 view	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 view	det
5	opposing	oppose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 view	amod
6	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 statement	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 form	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 form	nmod:poss
9	weakest	weak	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 form	amod
10	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 view	nmod
11	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 statement	amod
12	to	to	PART	_	13 reply	mark
13	reply	reply	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 prior	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	oppose	gerund			vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	reply speech: assert	to-infinitive			vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	state			a opposing view in view's weakest form	nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient
4	form		view		nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/40-how-to-argue-counter-arguments-and-respect/e1/