Exam question 1 · Dilemmas about truth and friendship

Which of the following most accurately characterises a moral dilemma?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: moral dilemma

This is exam question 1 of lesson 41 «Dilemmas about truth and friendship» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 characterises	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 characterises	csubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 dilemma	det
9	moral	moral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 dilemma	amod
10	dilemma	dilemma	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a moral dilemma				accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A situation wherein two obligations, each apparently binding, cannot both be fulfilled

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 situation	det
2	situation	situation	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 fulfilled	nsubj:pass
3	wherein	wherein	ADV	PronType=Int	5 obligations	advmod
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 obligations	nummod
5	obligations	obligation	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 situation	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 binding	punct
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 binding	nsubj
8	apparently	apparently	ADV	_	9 binding	advmod
9	binding	bind	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 obligations	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 situation	punct
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 fulfilled	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 fulfilled	advmod
13	both	both	ADV	_	15 fulfilled	advmod
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 fulfilled	aux:pass
15	fulfilled	fulfil	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bind	gerund	each					apparently property	vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	not fulfil	can · passive		a situation two obligations				both property	tree rules

Option 2

A situation wherein a single rule is obeyed without any difficulty whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 situation	det
2	situation	situation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 obeyed	nsubj:pass
3	wherein	wherein	ADV	PronType=Int	8 obeyed	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 rule	det
5	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 rule	amod
6	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 obeyed	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 obeyed	aux:pass
8	obeyed	obey	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	without	without	ADP	_	11 difficulty	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 difficulty	det
11	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 obeyed	obl
12	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	8 obeyed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obey	present · passive		a situation				without any difficulty; whatsoever, wherein property	vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

A situation wherein the correct course of action is established by a majority vote

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 situation	det
2	situation	situation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	wherein	wherein	ADV	PronType=Int	10 established	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 course	det
5	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 course	amod
6	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 established	nsubj:pass
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 action	case
8	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 course	nmod
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 established	aux:pass
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 situation	acl:relcl
11	by	by	ADP	_	14 vote	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 vote	det
13	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 vote	compound
14	vote	vote	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 established	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	establish	present · passive	a majority vote	the correct course of action				wherein property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4

A situation wherein the agent possesses no obligations of any kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 situation	det
2	situation	situation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 possesses	nsubj
3	wherein	wherein	ADV	PronType=Int	6 possesses	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 agent	det
5	agent	agent	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 possesses	nsubj
6	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 obligations	det
8	obligations	obligation	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 possesses	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 kind	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 kind	det
11	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 obligations	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	a situation	no obligations of any kind				wherein property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot obligation=Theme
2	obligate			any kind					nom obligation «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/41-dilemmas-about-truth-and-friendship/e1/