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Test 12 · ★★ · Dilemmas about truth and friendship

Your cousin says, "Kant said lying is always wrong, so everyone agrees on the murderer at the door." What is wrong with this?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cousin, Kant, everyone · What happens: say, lie, be, agree · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 · ★★ of lesson 41 «Dilemmas about truth and friendship» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your cousin says, "Kant said lying is always wrong, so everyone agrees on the murderer at the door."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct
6	Kant	Kant	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 said	nsubj
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
8	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 wrong	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 wrong	cop
10	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	11 wrong	advmod
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 said	ccomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 agrees	punct
13	so	so	ADV	_	15 agrees	advmod
14	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	15 agrees	nsubj
15	agrees	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	parataxis
16	on	on	ADP	_	18 murderer	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 murderer	det
18	murderer	murderer	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 agrees	obl
19	at	at	ADP	_	21 door	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 door	det
21	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 agrees	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 agrees	punct
23	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 agrees	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert in a quote	past	Kant						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	lie in a quote	gerund							vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is in a quote	present						always, wrong property	tree rules
5	agree speech: agree in a quote	present	everyone					at the door; on the murderer	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on murderer=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong with this?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 this	case
5	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 wrong	obl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						with this; wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Kant said lying is always right, which is the opposite

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kant	Kant	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 said	nsubj
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 right	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 right	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 right	advmod
6	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 said	ccomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 opposite	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 opposite	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 opposite	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 opposite	det
11	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 right	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Kant						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	lie	gerund							vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	present						always, right property	tree rules
4	is a	present		the opposite					tree rules

Option 2

Kant never wrote about lying, so the cousin made it up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kant	Kant	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 wrote	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 wrote	advmod
3	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	about	about	SCONJ	_	5 lying	mark
5	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 wrote	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 made	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 made	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cousin	det
9	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 made	nsubj
10	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 wrote	conj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 made	obj
12	up	up	ADP	_	10 made	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not write	past	Kant						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	lie	gerund	Kant not said here						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	make up	past	the cousin	it					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Pivot

Option 3

Nothing is wrong, everyone agrees with Kant about this puzzle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 agrees	punct
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	6 agrees	nsubj
6	agrees	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	parataxis
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 Kant	case
8	Kant	Kant	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 agrees	obl
9	about	about	ADP	_	11 puzzle	case
10	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	11 puzzle	det
11	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 agrees	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Nothing					wrong property	tree rules
2	agree speech: agree	present	everyone					with Kant; about this puzzle	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme whether S»: agent=Agent with kant=Co-Agent about puzzle=Topic

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Kant held that, but most people think the lie is allowed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kant	Kant	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 held	nsubj
2	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 held	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 think	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 think	cc
6	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 people	amod
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 think	nsubj
8	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 held	parataxis
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 lie	det
10	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 allowed	nsubj:pass
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 allowed	aux:pass
12	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 think	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	past	Kant	that					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme
2	think speech: other	present	most people						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	allow	present · passive		the lie					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/41-dilemmas-about-truth-and-friendship/t12/