Exam question 4 · Dilemmas about truth and friendship

Ascertain which statement concerning the passage "speaking the truth in love" (Ephesians 4:15) is consistent with Christian teaching.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, passage, concerning · What happens: ascertain, concern, speak, be · To what, where: statement, passage, truth, love · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 41 «Dilemmas about truth and friendship» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	3 statement	det
3	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 consistent	csubj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 passage	det
6	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 concerning	obj
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 speaking	punct
8	speaking	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 passage	acl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 truth	det
10	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 speaking	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 love	case
12	love	love	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 speaking	obl
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 speaking	punct
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 Ephesians	punct
15	Ephesians	Ephesian	PROPN	Number=Plur	6 passage	appos
16	4:15	4:15	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 Ephesians	flat
17	)	)	PUNCT	_	15 Ephesians	punct
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 consistent	cop
19	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 statement	acl
20	with	with	ADP	_	22 teaching	case
21	Christian	Christian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 teaching	amod
22	teaching	teaching	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 consistent	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	which statement			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statement=Topic
2	concern	gerund		the passage			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus passage=Experiencer
3	speak speech: other in a quote	gerund	the passage not said here	the truth	love		tree rules
4	is	present	concerning	which statement not said here		with Christian teaching; consistent property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Honesty is required solely in respect of persons whom the speaker loves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Honesty	honesty	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 required	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 respect	case
6	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 required	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 persons	case
8	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 respect	nmod
9	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 loves	obj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 speaker	det
11	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 loves	nsubj
12	loves	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 persons	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		Honesty	respect of persons	solely property	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition
2	love	present	the speaker	persons			vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus
3	respect			persons			nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Honesty ought to be exercised with gentleness and regard for the welfare of the hearer

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Honesty	honesty	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 exercised	nsubj:pass
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 exercised	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	5 exercised	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 exercised	aux:pass
5	exercised	exercise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 gentleness	case
7	gentleness	gentleness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 exercised	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 regard	cc
9	regard	regard	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gentleness	conj
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 welfare	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 welfare	det
12	welfare	welfare	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 regard	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 hearer	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 hearer	det
15	hearer	hearer	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 welfare	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exercise	ought · passive		Honesty				with gentleness and regard for the welfare of the hearer	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

Truth ought to be declared loudly and in public irrespective of its effect upon others

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Truth	Truth	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 declared	nsubj
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 declared	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	5 declared	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 declared	aux:pass
5	declared	declare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	loudly	loudly	ADV	_	5 declared	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 public	cc
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 public	case
9	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 declared	conj
10	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	_	13 effect	advmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 effect	case
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 effect	nmod:poss
13	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 declared	obl
14	upon	upon	ADP	_	15 others	case
15	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 effect	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	declare speech: other	ought · passive		Truth				of its effect upon others; loudly property	vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute
2	effect		its = it					upon others	nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent upon=obl

Option 4

Falsehood is permissible wheresoever it is expressed affectionately

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 permissible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 permissible	cop
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	wheresoever	wheresoever	ADV	_	7 expressed	advmod
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 expressed	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 expressed	aux:pass
7	expressed	express	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 permissible	advcl
8	affectionately	affectionately	ADV	_	7 expressed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Falsehood					permissible property	tree rules
2	express	present · passive		Falsehood				affectionately, wheresoever property	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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