Exam question 2 · Finders keepers and what belongs to whom

Given that excess change has been tendered in error by a shopkeeper, identify the course of action most consistent with the commandment "You shall not steal".

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: shopkeeper, You · What happens: give, tender, identify, not steal · To what, where: error, course

This is exam question 2 of lesson 42 «Finders keepers and what belongs to whom» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 change	case
2	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 change	det
3	excess	excess	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 change	amod
4	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tendered	obl
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 tendered	aux
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 tendered	aux:pass
7	tendered	tender	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 error	case
9	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tendered	obl
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 shopkeeper	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 shopkeeper	det
12	shopkeeper	shopkeeper	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tendered	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 identify	punct
14	identify	identify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 tendered	conj
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 course	det
16	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 identify	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 action	case
18	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 course	nmod
19	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	20 consistent	advmod
20	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 action	amod
21	with	with	ADP	_	23 commandment	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 commandment	det
23	commandment	commandment	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 consistent	obl
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	28 steal	punct
25	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	28 steal	nsubj
26	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 steal	aux
27	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	28 steal	advmod
28	steal	steal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 commandment	appos
29	"	"	PUNCT	_	28 steal	punct
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 tendered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	give	participle					vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	tender	present · perfect · passive	a shopkeeper		error	give that excess change	tree rules
3	identify	infinitive	a shopkeeper not said here	the course of action			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent course=Theme
4	not steal in a quote	shall	You				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Retention of the excess sum pending a further purchase

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Retention	retention	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 sum	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sum	det
4	excess	excess	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sum	amod
5	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Retention	nmod
6	pending	pend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Retention	acl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 purchase	det
8	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 purchase	amod
9	purchase	purchase	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pending	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pend	gerund	Retention of the excess sum not said here	a further purchase					tree rules
2	retain			the excess sum					nom retention «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Retention of the excess sum, the error being solely the shopkeeper's

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Retention	retention	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 sum	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sum	det
4	excess	excess	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sum	amod
5	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Retention	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 shopkeeper	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 error	det
8	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 shopkeeper	nsubj
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 shopkeeper	cop
10	solely	solely	ADV	_	12 shopkeeper	advmod
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 shopkeeper	det
12	shopkeeper	shopkeeper	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Retention	conj
13	's	's	PART	_	12 shopkeeper	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund	the error					's the shopkeeper; solely property	tree rules
2	retain			the excess sum					nom retention «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Restitution of the excess sum to the shopkeeper without delay

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Restitution	restitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 sum	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sum	det
4	excess	excess	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sum	amod
5	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Restitution	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 shopkeeper	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 shopkeeper	det
8	shopkeeper	shopkeeper	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sum	nmod
9	without	without	ADP	_	10 delay	case
10	delay	delay	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shopkeeper	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	restitute			the excess sum to the shopkeeper without delay					nom restitution «possession transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Donation of the excess sum to a third party of the finder's choosing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Donation	donation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 sum	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sum	det
4	excess	excess	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sum	amod
5	sum	sum	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Donation	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 party	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 party	det
8	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	9 party	amod
9	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sum	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 finder	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 finder	det
12	finder	finder	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 party	nmod
13	's	's	PART	_	12 finder	case
14	choosing	choose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Donation	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	gerund	Donation of the excess sum to a third party of the finder not said here						vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	donate			the excess sum to a third party of the finder					nom donation «possession transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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