Exam question 1 · Cheating, rules and games

Which of the following most accurately characterises the practice termed "doping" in competitive sport?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: practice · What happens: follow, characteris, term · To what, where: doping, competitive sport

This is exam question 1 of lesson 44 «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 practice	det
9	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 termed	nsubj
10	termed	term	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 characterises	ccomp
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 doping	punct
12	doping	doping	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 termed	obj
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 doping	punct
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 sport	case
15	competitive	competitive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 sport	amod
16	sport	sport	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 termed	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present				accurately property	tree rules
3	term	past	the practice	doping	competitive sport		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doping=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The provision of water to athletes during the course of a competition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 provision	det
2	provision	provision	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 water	case
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 provision	nmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 athletes	case
6	athletes	athlete	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 provision	nmod
7	during	during	ADP	_	9 course	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 course	det
9	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 athletes	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 competition	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 competition	det
12	competition	competition	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 course	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	provide		water					to athletes during the course of a competition	nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent to=obl

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The ingestion by athletes of prohibited substances with a view to enhancing performance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ingestion	det
2	ingestion	ingestion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 athletes	case
4	athletes	athlete	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 ingestion	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 substances	case
6	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 substances	amod
7	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 athletes	nmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 view	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 view	det
10	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 substances	nmod
11	to	to	SCONJ	_	12 enhancing	mark
12	enhancing	enhance	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 view	acl
13	performance	performance	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 enhancing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	prohibit	participle			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer
2	enhance	gerund		performance	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent performance=Patient
3	ingest		athletes of prohibited substances with a view		nom ingestion «act transitive»: by=agent

Option 3

The training of athletes under the supervision of a qualified coach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 training	det
2	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 athletes	case
4	athletes	athlete	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 training	nmod
5	under	under	ADP	_	7 supervision	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 supervision	det
7	supervision	supervision	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 athletes	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 coach	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 coach	det
10	qualified	qualified	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 coach	amod
11	coach	coach	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 supervision	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	train			athletes under the supervision of a qualified coach					nom training «act transitive»: of=patient
2	supervise			a qualified coach					nom supervision «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The selection of athletes for a team by means of a ballot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 selection	det
2	selection	selection	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 means	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 athletes	case
4	athletes	athlete	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 selection	nmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 team	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 team	det
7	team	team	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 athletes	nmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	4 athletes	nmod
9	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 ballot	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 ballot	det
12	ballot	ballot	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	the selection of athletes for a team					of a ballot	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	select			athletes for a team					nom selection «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/e1/