Exam question 1 · Whistle-blowing: when to tell

Which of the following most accurately characterises the act termed "whistle-blowing"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: act · What happens: follow, characteris, term · To what, where: whistle blowing

This is exam question 1 of lesson 45 «Whistle-blowing: when to tell» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 characterises	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 act	det
9	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 termed	nsubj
10	termed	term	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 characterises	ccomp
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 blowing	punct
12	whistle	whistle	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 blowing	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 blowing	punct
14	blowing	blowing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 termed	obj
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 blowing	punct
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present			accurately property	tree rules
3	term	past	the act	whistle blowing		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blowing=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The disclosure to a competent authority of wrongdoing within a body to which the discloser belongs

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 disclosure	det
2	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 belongs	nsubj
3	to	to	ADP	_	6 authority	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 authority	det
5	competent	competent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 authority	amod
6	authority	authority	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 disclosure	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 wrongdoing	case
8	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 authority	nmod
9	within	within	ADP	_	11 body	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 body	det
11	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 disclosure	nmod
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 which	case
13	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 discloser	obl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 discloser	det
15	discloser	discloser	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 body	conj
16	belongs	belong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	belong	present	the disclosure to a competent authority of wrongdoing within a body and the discloser						vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The signalling of the commencement of a sporting fixture by an official

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 signalling	det
2	signalling	signalling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 commencement	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 commencement	det
5	commencement	commencement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 signalling	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 fixture	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 fixture	det
8	sporting	sport	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 fixture	amod
9	fixture	fixture	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 commencement	nmod
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 official	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 official	det
12	official	official	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 signalling	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sport	gerund							tree rules

Option 3

The concealment of wrongdoing in the interests of a group's reputation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 concealment	det
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 wrongdoing	case
4	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 concealment	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 interests	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 interests	det
7	interests	interest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 concealment	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	12 reputation	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 group	det
10	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 reputation	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 group	case
12	reputation	reputation	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 interests	nmod

#	verb	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	conceal		wrongdoing	the interests of a group's reputation	nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient in=place
2	interest		a group's reputation		nom interest «cognition transitive»: of=patient
3	repute	a group			nom reputation «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

The circulation of false allegations with a view to injuring a rival

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 circulation	det
2	circulation	circulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 allegations	case
4	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 allegations	amod
5	allegations	allegation	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 circulation	nmod
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 view	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 view	det
8	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 allegations	nmod
9	to	to	SCONJ	_	10 injuring	mark
10	injuring	injure	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 view	acl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 rival	det
12	rival	rival	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 injuring	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	injure	gerund		a rival					tree rules
2	circulate			false allegations with a view					nom circulation «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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