Exam question 3 · The environment

Whereas a common resource is exploited by each party solely for its own advantage, ascertain the outcome which the expression "the tragedy of the commons" denotes.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: party, you, expression · What happens: exploit, ascertain, denote · To what, where: common resource, outcome

This is exam question 3 of lesson 47 «The environment» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	6 exploited	mark
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 resource	det
3	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 resource	amod
4	resource	resource	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 exploited	nsubj:pass
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 exploited	aux:pass
6	exploited	exploit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 ascertain	advcl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 party	case
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 party	det
9	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 exploited	obl
10	solely	solely	ADV	_	6 exploited	advmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	14 advantage	case
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 advantage	nmod:poss
13	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 advantage	amod
14	advantage	advantage	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 exploited	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 ascertain	punct
16	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 outcome	det
18	outcome	outcome	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 ascertain	obj
19	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 denotes	obj
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 expression	det
21	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 denotes	nsubj
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 tragedy	punct
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 tragedy	det
24	tragedy	tragedy	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 expression	appos
25	of	of	ADP	_	27 commons	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 commons	det
27	commons	common	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 tragedy	nmod
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 tragedy	punct
29	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 outcome	acl:relcl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	exploit	present · passive	each party	a common resource	for resource's own advantage; solely property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent subject=Theme for advantage=Eventuality
2	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the outcome		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent outcome=Topic
3	denote	present	the expression	the outcome		vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot which=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The resource is degraded to the detriment of all who depend upon it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 resource	det
2	resource	resource	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 degraded	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 degraded	aux:pass
4	degraded	degrade	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 detriment	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 detriment	det
7	detriment	detriment	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 degraded	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 detriment	nmod
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 depend	nsubj
11	depend	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 detriment	acl:relcl
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	13 it	case
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 depend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	degrade	present · passive		the resource				to the detriment of all	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	depend	present	the detriment of all					upon resource	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The resource is transferred to the ownership of the state

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 resource	det
2	resource	resource	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 transferred	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 transferred	aux:pass
4	transferred	transfer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 ownership	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ownership	det
7	ownership	ownership	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 transferred	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 state	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 state	det
10	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ownership	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transfer	present · passive		the resource	the ownership of the state				vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to ownership=Recipient

Option 3

The resource is abandoned by all parties at the outset

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 resource	det
2	resource	resource	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 abandoned	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 abandoned	aux:pass
4	abandoned	abandon	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 parties	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 parties	det
7	parties	party	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 abandoned	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 outset	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 outset	det
10	outset	outset	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 abandoned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abandon	present · passive	all parties	the resource		the outset			vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme subject=Source

Option 4

The resource is enlarged in proportion to the number of its users

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 resource	det
2	resource	resource	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enlarged	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 enlarged	aux:pass
4	enlarged	enlarge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 proportion	case
6	proportion	proportion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enlarged	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 number	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 number	det
9	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enlarged	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 users	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 users	nmod:poss
12	users	user	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 number	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enlarge	present · passive		the resource		proportion		to the number of resource's users	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/e3/