Exam question 4 · The environment

Of the three principles of waste reduction, select that which is generally held to afford the greatest benefit, together with the reason.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: select, hold, afford · To what, where: greatest benefit

This is exam question 4 of lesson 47 «The environment» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Of	of	ADP	_	4 principles	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 principles	det
3	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 principles	nummod
4	principles	principle	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 select	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 reduction	case
6	waste	waste	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reduction	compound
7	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 principles	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 principles	punct
9	select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 held	mark
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 held	nsubj:pass
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 held	aux:pass
13	generally	generally	ADV	_	14 held	advmod
14	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 select	advcl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 afford	mark
16	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 held	advcl
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 benefit	det
18	greatest	great	ADJ	Degree=Sup	19 benefit	amod
19	benefit	benefit	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 afford	obj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 together	punct
21	together	together	ADV	_	9 select	advmod
22	with	with	ADP	_	24 reason	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 reason	det
24	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 select	obl
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here		of the three principles of waste reduction; with the reason; together property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	hold	present · passive			generally property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	afford	to-infinitive		the greatest benefit		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Reduction, inasmuch as an article never produced requires no disposal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 requires	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 inasmuch	punct
3	inasmuch	inasmuch	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Reduction	conj
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 article	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 article	det
6	article	article	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Reduction	nmod
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 produced	advmod
8	produced	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 article	acl:relcl
9	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 disposal	det
11	disposal	disposal	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 requires	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not produce	past	a article not said here						vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	require	present	Reduction as a article and inasmuch	no disposal					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme disposal=Precondition

Option 2

None, inasmuch as the conduct of individuals is of no consequence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	None	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	12 consequence	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 inasmuch	punct
3	inasmuch	inasmuch	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 None	conj
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 conduct	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 conduct	det
6	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 None	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 individuals	case
8	individuals	individual	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 conduct	nmod
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 consequence	cop
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 consequence	case
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	12 consequence	det
12	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	None					of no consequence	tree rules
2	conduct			individuals					nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

Reuse, inasmuch as all newly manufactured articles are harmful to the earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reuse	reuse	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 inasmuch	punct
3	inasmuch	inasmuch	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Reuse	obj
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 harmful	mark
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 articles	det:predet
6	newly	newly	ADV	_	7 manufactured	advmod
7	manufactured	manufacture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 articles	amod
8	articles	article	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 harmful	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 harmful	cop
10	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Reuse	advcl
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 earth	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 earth	det
13	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 harmful	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	reuse	imperative	you not said here	inasmuch		vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inasmuch=Asset
2	manufacture	participle			newly property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	all manufactured articles		to the earth; harmful property	tree rules

Option 4

Recycling, inasmuch as it permits unrestricted consumption

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Recycling	recycling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 inasmuch	punct
3	inasmuch	inasmuch	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Recycling	conj
4	as	as	SCONJ	_	6 permits	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 permits	nsubj
6	permits	permit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Recycling	advcl
7	unrestricted	unrestrict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 consumption	amod
8	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 permits	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	permit	present	inasmuch	unrestricted consumption					vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consumption=Theme
2	unrestrict	participle							tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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