Test 4 · ★ · Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature

Your brother says, «Lions are evil, they murder zebras.» Which reply is best?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: brother, Lions, reply · What happens: say, be, murder · To what, where: zebras · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 53 «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your brother says, «Lions are evil, they murder zebras.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 brother	nmod:poss
2	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 evil	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 evil	punct
6	Lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 evil	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 evil	cop
8	evil	evil	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 murder	punct
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 murder	nsubj
11	murder	murder	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 evil	parataxis
12	zebras	zebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 murder	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your brother			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	Lions		evil property	tree rules
3	murder in a quote	present	Lions = lion	zebras		vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zebra=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which reply is best?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 reply	det
2	reply	reply	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 best	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 best	cop
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 best	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	which reply					good property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Lions hunt to eat; feeling sad for the zebra is fine, but lions are not cruel on purpose

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hunt	nsubj
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 eat	mark
4	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 hunt	xcomp
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 feeling	punct
6	feeling	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 fine	csubj
7	sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 feeling	xcomp
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 zebra	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 zebra	det
10	zebra	zebra	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 feeling	obl
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 fine	cop
12	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 hunt	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 cruel	punct
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	18 cruel	cc
15	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 cruel	nsubj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 cruel	cop
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 cruel	advmod
18	cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 hunt	conj
19	on	on	ADP	_	20 purpose	case
20	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 cruel	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	Lions			tree rules
2	eat	to-infinitive	Lions not said here			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	feel	gerund			for the zebra; sad property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
4	is	present	feeling		fine property	tree rules
5	not is	present	lions	purpose	cruel property	tree rules

Option 2

Zebras deserve it for being slow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zebras	zebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 deserve	nsubj
2	deserve	deserve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 deserve	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 slow	case
5	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 slow	cop
6	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 deserve	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deserve	present	Zebras	it					tree rules
2	is	gerund						slow property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He is right, lions kill for fun only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 kill	punct
5	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 kill	nsubj
6	kill	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	parataxis
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 fun	case
8	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kill	obl
9	only	only	ADV	_	6 kill	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	kill	present	lions					for fun	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

He is right, lions should be locked up for ever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 locked	punct
5	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 locked	nsubj:pass
6	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 locked	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 locked	aux:pass
8	locked	lock	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 right	parataxis
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 locked	compound:prt
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 ever	case
11	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	8 locked	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	lock up	should · passive		lions					vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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