Test 6 · ★ · Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature
A cartoon shows a fox in a food chain that lives for ever because nothing eats it. What does it get wrong?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon, food chain, nothing · What happens: show, live, eat, get · To what, where: fox
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 53 «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A cartoon shows a fox in a food chain that lives for ever because nothing eats it.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 cartoon | det |
| 2 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 fox | det |
| 5 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 chain | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 chain | det |
| 8 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 chain | compound |
| 9 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | obl |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 lives | nsubj |
| 11 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 chain | acl:relcl |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 ever | case |
| 13 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 11 lives | obl |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 16 eats | mark |
| 15 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 16 eats | nsubj |
| 16 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 shows | advcl |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 eats | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a cartoon | a fox | in a food chain | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent fox=Patient in chain=Topic | |||
| 2 | live | present | a food chain | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | eat | present | nothing | fox | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does it get wrong?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 get | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 get | aux |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 get | nsubj |
| 4 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 get | xcomp |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 get | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | present · do-support | cartoon | wrong property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Every fox dies, and decomposers return it to the soil
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 fox | det |
| 2 | fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dies | nsubj |
| 3 | dies | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 return | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 return | cc |
| 6 | decomposers | decomposer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 return | nsubj |
| 7 | return | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 dies | conj |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 return | obj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 soil | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 soil | det |
| 11 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 return | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | die | present | every fox | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | return | present | decomposers | fox | the soil | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to soil=Destination |
Option 2
Food chains always end with a dragon or some other monster
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 chains | compound |
| 2 | chains | chain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 end | nsubj |
| 3 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 4 end | advmod |
| 4 | end | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 dragon | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 dragon | det |
| 7 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 end | obl |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 monster | cc |
| 9 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 monster | det |
| 10 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 monster | amod |
| 11 | monster | monster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 dragon | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | end | present | Food chains | with a dragon or some other monster; always property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector with dragon=Subeventuality |
Option 3
Foxes really do live for ever out in the wild, if left alone
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Foxes | fox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | nsubj |
| 2 | really | really | ADV | _ | 4 live | advmod |
| 3 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 live | aux |
| 4 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 out | case |
| 6 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 7 out | advmod |
| 7 | out | out | ADV | _ | 4 live | obl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 wild | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 wild | det |
| 10 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 live | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 left | punct |
| 12 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 13 left | mark |
| 13 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 live | parataxis |
| 14 | alone | alone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 left | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present · do-support | Foxes | the wild | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wild=Location | ||||
| 2 | leave a condition, not said to happen | participle | alone property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Foxes eat the sun itself in the end, at the top of the chain
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Foxes | fox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 eat | nsubj |
| 2 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 sun | det |
| 4 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 eat | obj |
| 5 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 4 sun | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 end | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 end | det |
| 8 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 eat | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 top | punct |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 top | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 top | det |
| 12 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 eat | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 chain | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 chain | det |
| 15 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 top | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | present | Foxes | the sun sun | in the end | at the top of the chain | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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