Exam question 1 · When a small pet dies: fish, hamsters and budgies

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the condition of a domestic fish discovered floating motionless at the surface of its tank?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: condition · What happens: follow, characteris, discover, float, condition · To what, where: surface, domestic fish

This is exam question 1 of lesson 55 «When a small pet dies: fish, hamsters and budgies» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 condition	det
10	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 discovered	nsubj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 fish	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 fish	det
13	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 fish	amod
14	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 condition	nmod
15	discovered	discover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 characterises	ccomp
16	floating	float	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 discovered	xcomp
17	motionless	motionless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 floating	xcomp
18	at	at	ADP	_	20 surface	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 surface	det
20	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 floating	obl
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 tank	case
22	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 tank	nmod:poss
23	tank	tank	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 surface	nmod
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	discover	past	the condition of a domestic fish				vn discover-84-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	float	gerund	the condition of a domestic fish not said here		the surface of condition's tank	motionless property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at surface=Trajectory
5	condition			a domestic fish			nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is engaged in a period of ordinary sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 engaged	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 engaged	aux:pass
3	engaged	engage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 period	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 period	det
6	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 engaged	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 sleep	case
8	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 sleep	amod
9	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 period	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	engage	present · passive		It				in a period of ordinary sleep goal	vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme in period=Goal

Option 2

It is feigning death in order to obtain food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 feigning	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 feigning	aux
3	feigning	feign	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feigning	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 order	case
6	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feigning	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 obtain	mark
8	obtain	obtain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 feigning	advcl
9	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 obtain	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feign	present · progressive	It	death		order			vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent death=Patient
2	obtain	to-infinitive		food					vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Theme

Option 3

It is hibernating and will resume activity in spring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hibernating	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hibernating	aux
3	hibernating	hibernate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 resume	cc
5	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 resume	aux
6	resume	resume	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 hibernating	conj
7	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 resume	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 spring	case
9	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 resume	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hibernate	present · progressive	It						vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
2	resume	future		activity			spring		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent activity=Eventuality

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It has died, and its bodily functions have ceased permanently

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 died	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 died	aux
3	died	die	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 ceased	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 ceased	cc
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 functions	nmod:poss
7	bodily	bodily	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 functions	amod
8	functions	function	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 ceased	nsubj
9	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 ceased	aux
10	ceased	cease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 died	advcl
11	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	10 ceased	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die	present · perfect	It						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	cease	present · perfect	its bodily functions					permanently property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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