Exam question 1 · Why honesty matters: trust holds everything together
Which of the following most accurately characterises the relationship between honesty and trust?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: relationship
This is exam question 1 of lesson 81 «Why honesty matters: trust holds everything together» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 7 characterises | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 characterises | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 characterises | csubj |
| 5 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 6 accurately | advmod |
| 6 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 7 characterises | advmod |
| 7 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 relationship | det |
| 9 | relationship | relationship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 characterises | obj |
| 10 | between | between | ADP | _ | 11 honesty | case |
| 11 | honesty | honesty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 relationship | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 trust | cc |
| 13 | trust | trust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 honesty | conj |
| 14 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the relationship | between honesty and trust; accurately property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Trust is conferred automatically upon all persons irrespective of their conduct
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trust | trust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 conferred | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 conferred | aux:pass |
| 3 | conferred | confer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | automatically | automatically | ADV | _ | 3 conferred | advmod |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 persons | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 persons | det |
| 7 | persons | person | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 conferred | obl |
| 8 | irrespective | irrespective | ADV | _ | 7 persons | advmod |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 conduct | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 conduct | nmod:poss |
| 11 | conduct | conduct | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 persons | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | confer | present · passive | Trust | upon all persons of persons's conduct; automatically property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | conduct | persons = person | nom conduct «act transitive»: poss=agent |
Option 2
Trust is unaffected by falsehood provided that the falsehood is not discovered
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trust | trust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 unaffected | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 unaffected | cop |
| 3 | unaffected | unaffected | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 6 provided | mark |
| 5 | falsehood | falsehood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 provided | nsubj |
| 6 | provided | provide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 unaffected | advcl |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 discovered | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 falsehood | det |
| 9 | falsehood | falsehood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 discovered | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 discovered | aux:pass |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 discovered | advmod |
| 12 | discovered | discover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 provided | ccomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Trust | unaffected property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | provide | past | falsehood | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | not discover | present · passive | the falsehood | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Trust is constituted by an accumulation of truthful statements and may be forfeited by a single grave falsehood
The tree, 18 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trust | trust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 constituted | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 constituted | aux:pass |
| 3 | constituted | constitute | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 accumulation | case |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 accumulation | det |
| 6 | accumulation | accumulation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 constituted | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 statements | case |
| 8 | truthful | truthful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 statements | amod |
| 9 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 accumulation | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 forfeited | cc |
| 11 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 forfeited | aux |
| 12 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 forfeited | aux:pass |
| 13 | forfeited | forfeit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 constituted | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 falsehood | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 falsehood | det |
| 16 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 falsehood | amod |
| 17 | grave | grave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 falsehood | amod |
| 18 | falsehood | falsehood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 forfeited | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | constitute | present · passive | a accumulation of truthful statements | Trust | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | forfeit | may · passive | a single grave falsehood | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | accumulate | truthful statements | nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient |
Option 4
Trust may be restored instantaneously by a single expression of apology
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trust | trust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 restored | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 restored | aux |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 restored | aux:pass |
| 4 | restored | restore | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | instantaneously | instantaneously | ADV | _ | 4 restored | advmod |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 expression | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 expression | det |
| 8 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 expression | amod |
| 9 | expression | expression | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 restored | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 apology | case |
| 11 | apology | apology | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 expression | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | restore | may · passive | a single expression of apology | Trust | instantaneously property | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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